Evolutionary and homeostatic changes in morphology of visual dendrites of Mauthner cells in Astyanax blind cavefish.
Evolutionary and homeostatic changes in morphology of visual dendrites of Mauthner cells in Astyanax blind cavefish.
复制标题
盲穴居鱼毛细胞视觉树突形态的进化和动态平衡变化。
DOI：
10.1002/cne.25056
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发表时间：
2021-06
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Soares D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tanvir Z;Rivera D;Severi KE;Haspel G;Soares D
莫特纳细胞是硬骨鱼和大多数两栖动物后脑中最大的神经元。每个细胞都有两个主要的树突，它们被认为接受分离的感觉输入：外侧的树突接受机械感觉输入，腹侧的树突接受视觉输入。这些调节对突然刺激的逃逸反应的输入，可能会受到动物获得感觉信息的调节。为了了解视觉信息的缺乏在发育和进化时间尺度上对Mauthner细胞形态的影响，我们研究了硬骨鱼Astianax micianus。这种四栖鱼有两种变种：一种是看得见的表面鱼，另一种是看不见的洞穴鱼。我们比较了在日常光照条件下饲养的表层鱼、在恒定黑暗中饲养的表层鱼以及两个独立的洞穴种群谱系中的莫特纳细胞的结构。暗突起的表层鱼幼体的腹侧树突长度较长，分支较多，而两种洞型的腹侧树突较小或不存在。在眼睛发育正常的表层鱼类中，视觉输入的缺乏导致树突大小的稳态增加，而在进化过程中，缺乏光导致眼睛的丧失和树突大小的减小。发育和进化影响视觉靶向Mauthner细胞树突的大小和分支。
Mauthner cells are the largest neurons in the hindbrain of teleost fish and most amphibians. Each cell has two major dendrites thought to receive segregated streams of sensory input: the lateral dendrite receives mechanosensory input while the ventral dendrite receives visual input. These inputs, which mediate escape responses to sudden stimuli, may be modulated by the availability of sensory information to the animal. To understand the impact of the absence of visual information on the morphologies of Mauthner cells during developmental and evolutionary time scales, we examined the teleost Astyanax mexicanus. This species of tetra is found in two morphs: a seeing surface fish and a blind cavefish. We compared the structure of Mauthner cells in surface fish raised under daily light conditions, in surface fish raised in constant darkness, and in two independent lineages of cave populations. The length of ventral dendrites of Mauthner cells in dark-raised surface fish larvae were longer and more branched, while in both cave morphs the ventral dendrites were smaller or absent. The absence of visual input in surface fish with normal eye development leads to a homeostatic increase in dendrite size, whereas over evolution, the absence of light led to the loss of eyes and a reduction in dendrite size. Development and Evolution influence the size and branching of visually targeted Mauthner cell dendrites.
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