How abnormal is the behaviour of captive, zoo-living chimpanzees?
How abnormal is the behaviour of captive, zoo-living chimpanzees?
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0020101
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Newton-Fisher NE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Birkett LP;Newton-Fisher NE
许多圈养的黑猩猩(泛黑猩猩)表现出各种严重的行为异常，其中一些被认为是精神健康受损的可能迹象。为了减少异常行为的表现而提供的丰富环境的规定正在增加常态，将个人安置在(半)自然社会群体中被认为是其中最成功的。然而，只有少数人对异常行为进行了定量研究，特别是对动物收藏品中的圈养种群进行了研究。因此，对动物园生活的黑猩猩的异常行为水平缺乏清晰的了解。我们提出了一项详细的观察研究的初步结果，该研究来自美国和英国的六个物种，其中包括40只生活在动物园的群居黑猩猩。我们从通过重点动物抽样收集的1200小时的连续行为数据中确定了异常行为的流行率、多样性、频率和持续时间。我们的总体发现是，六个独立的动物园生活黑猩猩群体的所有样本个体都存在异常行为，尽管这些群体在大小、组成、住所等方面存在差异。我们发现个体之间异常行为的频率和持续时间有很大差异，但所有至少有一些异常行为的个体和个体之间的差异不能用性别、年龄、养育史或背景(定义为先前的住所条件)来解释。我们的数据支持这样一个结论，尽管动物园生活的黑猩猩的大多数行为都是正常的，因为这是它们野生黑猩猩的典型行为，但尽管努力丰富，异常行为在这个种群中是地方性的。我们认为，迫切需要了解黑猩猩的大脑是如何应对圈养的，这是一个涉及科学和福利的问题。
Many captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) show a variety of serious behavioural abnormalities, some of which have been considered as possible signs of compromised mental health. The provision of environmental enrichments aimed at reducing the performance of abnormal behaviours is increasing the norm, with the housing of individuals in (semi-)natural social groups thought to be the most successful of these. Only a few quantitative studies of abnormal behaviour have been conducted, however, particularly for the captive population held in zoological collections. Consequently, a clear picture of the level of abnormal behaviour in zoo-living chimpanzees is lacking. We present preliminary findings from a detailed observational study of the behaviour of 40 socially-housed zoo-living chimpanzees from six collections in the United States of America and the United Kingdom. We determined the prevalence, diversity, frequency, and duration of abnormal behaviour from 1200 hours of continuous behavioural data collected by focal animal sampling. Our overall finding was that abnormal behaviour was present in all sampled individuals across six independent groups of zoo-living chimpanzees, despite the differences between these groups in size, composition, housing, etc. We found substantial variation between individuals in the frequency and duration of abnormal behaviour, but all individuals engaged in at least some abnormal behaviour and variation across individuals could not be explained by sex, age, rearing history or background (defined as prior housing conditions). Our data support a conclusion that, while most behaviour of zoo-living chimpanzees is ‘normal’ in that it is typical of their wild counterparts, abnormal behaviour is endemic in this population despite enrichment efforts. We suggest there is an urgent need to understand how the chimpanzee mind copes with captivity, an issue with both scientific and welfare implications.
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影响因子：
2.4
作者：
FRITZ, J;NASH, LT;BOWEN, JA
通讯作者：
BOWEN, JA
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
BLOOMSMITH, MA;LAMBETH, SP
通讯作者：
LAMBETH, SP
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
HIRAIWAHASEGAWA, M;HASEGAWA, T
通讯作者：
HASEGAWA, T
影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Baker, KC;Easley, SP
通讯作者：
Easley, SP
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Bradshaw, G. A.;Capaldo, Theodora;Grow, Gloria
通讯作者：
Grow, Gloria