Genome analysis of Minibacterium massiliensis highlights the convergent evolution of water-living bacteria.
Genome analysis of Minibacterium massiliensis highlights the convergent evolution of water-living bacteria.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pgen.0030138
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发表时间：
2007-08
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Drancourt M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Audic S;Robert C;Campagna B;Parinello H;Claverie JM;Raoult D;Drancourt M
过滤通常会消除水中的细菌。在这里，我们报告了Minibacterium palliensis的完整基因组序列，这是一种从医院患者使用的0.22 μm过滤水中回收的β-变形菌。M.使用传统的鸟枪测序方法确定了Escherichiensis。生物信息学分析表明，M. Eschliensis基因组序列说明了水生细菌的特征，包括编码转运蛋白和转录调节因子的基因的过度表达。基于可用细菌基因组序列的基因内容的系统基因组分析显示了来自各种分类学起源的水生细菌的一致进化，主要是涉及能量产生和转换、细胞分裂、染色体分配和脂质代谢的基因。这种基因组聚类部分是由于横向基因转移，这似乎是更频繁的水比在其他环境中。分枝水栖细菌基因组分析强烈表明，水栖细菌是涉及重金属抗性、抗生素抗性和毒力因子的基因的共同来源。微生物无处不在，存在于包括人类和动物，空气，土壤和水在内的环境中，即使在极端条件下也是如此。事实上，我们分离出一种新兴的小细菌M。尽管通过过滤和化学品进行了微生物控制，但血液透析用水中仍然存在着Alzheimer氏菌。它非常小的尺寸允许这种细菌通过过滤器。对其基因组的解码揭示了许多所谓的重金属抗性基因的存在，这些基因编码了对化学物质的保护。基因组还编码毒力因子和抗生素抗性。研究M. Escherichiensis基因内容揭示了它与β-变形菌家族中的其他细菌以及来自其他家族的许多其他水生细菌共享许多基因。M.与其他完全测序的基因组相比，Eschliensis基因组表明高比例的基因（17%）在其他家庭的水生细菌中具有最接近的邻居。这种横向基因转移被进一步推广到所有生活在水中的细菌，它们的基因组比生活在其他环境中的细菌的基因组更高。水是一个特殊的生态系统，有利于细菌基因的交换和新的毒力和抗性组合的出现。随着新技术增加了人类与水的接触，必须彻底控制水的医疗和娱乐用途。
Filtration usually eliminates water-living bacteria. Here, we report on the complete genome sequence of Minibacterium massiliensis, a β-proteobacteria that was recovered from 0.22-μm filtered water used for patients in the hospital. The unexpectedly large 4,110,251-nucleotide genome sequence of M. massiliensis was determined using the traditional shotgun sequencing approach. Bioinformatic analyses shows that the M. massiliensis genome sequence illustrates characteristic features of water-living bacteria, including overrepresentation of genes encoding transporters and transcription regulators. Phylogenomic analysis based on the gene content of available bacterial genome sequences displays a congruent evolution of water-living bacteria from various taxonomic origins, principally for genes involved in energy production and conversion, cell division, chromosome partitioning, and lipid metabolism. This phylogenomic clustering partially results from lateral gene transfer, which appears to be more frequent in water than in other environments. The M. massiliensis genome analyses strongly suggest that water-living bacteria are a common source for genes involved in heavy-metal resistance, antibiotics resistance, and virulence factors. Microorganisms are ubiquitous, found in environments including humans and animals, air, soil, and water, even in extreme conditions. Indeed, we isolated an emerging small bacterium M. massiliensis in hemodialysis water despite microbiological control by filtration and chemicals. Its very small size allowed this bacterium to pass through filters. Decoding of its genome revealed the presence of numerous so-called heavy-metal resistance genes encoding protection against chemicals. The genome also encodes virulence factors and antibiotic resistances. Study of M. massiliensis gene content revealed that it shares many genes with other bacteria in its β-proteobacteria family, but also with many other water-living bacteria from other families. Comparison of the M. massiliensis genome with other completely sequenced genomes indicated that a high fraction of genes (17%) had closest neighbors in water-living bacteria from other families. Such lateral gene transfer was further generalized to all water-living bacteria, which mutualize a higher fraction of their genome than bacteria living in other environments. Water is a privileged ecosystem for the exchange of bacterial genes and the emergence of new combinations of virulence and resistance. As new technologies increase the contact of humans with water, its use for medical and recreational usages has to be thoroughly controlled.
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