The Total Risk Analysis of Large Dams under Flood Hazards

The Total Risk Analysis of Large Dams under Flood Hazards
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洪水灾害下大坝的总体风险分析

DOI:
10.3390/w10020140
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发表时间:
2018-02
期刊:
影响因子:
3.4
通讯作者:
Lin Pengzhi
Lin Pengzhi
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Chen Yu;Lin Pengzhi

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水坝和水库是水利工程中有用的系统;然而,它们也对大型下游地区构成了潜在的高风险。洪水作为大坝溃坝的驱动力,是溃坝的主要原因。大坝洪水及其风险引起了研究人员和管理人员的兴趣。在水利工程中,越来越倾向于基于统计和概率的方法来评估坝洪风险,但这种方法不适用于历史数据稀少或洪水概率较低的情况,因此需要一种更合理、应用限制更少的坝洪风险分析方法。因此,与以往的研究不同,本研究基于最初用于大坝地震风险分析的总风险因子(TRF)的概念,开发了大坝洪水风险分析方法。该方法不受历史数据充分性和洪水概率低的影响,能够分析坝体结构影响、坝址洪水脆弱性和下游风险,估算各坝的TRF并为各坝分配相应的风险等级。在中国西南大渡河流域大型水坝的应用表明,该方法提供了快速的风险评估和比较,可以帮助当地管理官员进行更详细的大坝安全评估,以获得有用的风险管理信息。
Dams and reservoirs are useful systems in water conservancy projects; however, they also pose a high-risk potential for large downstream areas. Flood, as the driving force of dam overtopping, is the main cause of dam failure. Dam floods and their risks are of interest to researchers and managers. In hydraulic engineering, there is a growing tendency to evaluate dam flood risk based on statistical and probabilistic methods that are unsuitable for the situations with rare historical data or low flood probability, so a more reasonable dam flood risk analysis method with fewer application restrictions is needed. Therefore, different from previous studies, this study develops a flood risk analysis method for large dams based on the concept of total risk factor (TRF) used initially in dam seismic risk analysis. The proposed method is not affected by the adequacy of historical data or the low probability of flood and is capable of analyzing the dam structure influence, the flood vulnerability of the dam site, and downstream risk as well as estimating the TRF of each dam and assigning corresponding risk classes to each dam. Application to large dams in the Dadu River Basin, Southwestern China, demonstrates that the proposed method provides quick risk estimation and comparison, which can help local management officials perform more detailed dam safety evaluations for useful risk management information.
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