Racial Disparities in Child Exposure to Firearm Violence Before and During COVID-19.
Racial Disparities in Child Exposure to Firearm Violence Before and During COVID-19.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.amepre.2022.02.007
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发表时间：
2022-08
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Jay J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Martin R;Rajan S;Shareef F;Xie KC;Allen KA;Zimmerman M;Jay J
童年时期接触邻里枪支暴力会对整个生命过程中的身心健康产生不利影响。研究目标是 (1) 量化美国各地这些暴露的种族差异，以及 (2) 评估 COVID-19 大流行期间枪支暴力增加的变化。该研究使用了每个人口普查区 5 至 17 岁儿童的计数，按美国人口普查种族类别分类（N=73,056）。社区枪支暴力是根据 2015-2021 年枪支暴力档案数据，每个人口普查区的致命枪击事件数量。拟泊松回归用于估计基线差异和 COVID-19 相关变化，并检查不同地理区域的差异。白人儿童在大流行前的暴露程度最低，黑人儿童的暴露程度最高，他们经历的邻里枪支暴力暴露程度是白人儿童的 4.44 倍（95% CI=4.33, 4.56，p<0.001）。大流行使最低风险群体（即白人儿童；95% CI=20%、34%，p<0.001）的接触机会增加了 27%，但大流行对几乎所有非白人儿童的影响更大。不同地区的暴力基线水平和种族差异差异很大，南部地区暴力水平最高，东北部和中西部地区差异最大。儿童遭受社区枪支暴力的情况存在大规模的种族差异，并且这些差异在大流行期间进一步扩大。迫切需要公平地获得创伤知情计划、基于社区的预防和结构改革。
Childhood exposure to neighborhood firearm violence adversely affects mental and physical health across the life course. Study objectives were to (1) quantify racial disparities in these exposures across the U.S. and (2) assess changes during the COVID-19 pandemic, when firearm violence increased. The study used counts of children aged 5–17 years, disaggregated by U.S. Census racial category, for every census tract (N=73,056). Neighborhood firearm violence was the number of fatal shootings per census tract, based on 2015–2021 Gun Violence Archive data. Quasi-Poisson regressions were used to estimate baseline disparities and COVID-19‒related changes and examined differences across geographic regions. Prepandemic exposure was lowest among White children and highest among Black children, who experienced 4.44 times more neighborhood firearm violence exposure (95% CI=4.33, 4.56, p<0.001) than White children. The pandemic increased exposure by 27% in the lowest risk group (i.e., White children; 95% CI=20%, 34%, p<0.001), but pandemic effects were even greater for children in nearly all non-White categories. Baseline violence levels and racial disparities varied considerably by region, with the highest levels in the South and the largest magnitude disparities observed in the Northeast and Midwest. Large-scale racial disparities exist in child exposure to neighborhood firearm violence, and these disparities grew during the pandemic. Equitable access to trauma-informed programs, community-based prevention, and structural reforms are urgently needed.
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