The Pragmatic Intelligence of Habits

The Pragmatic Intelligence of Habits
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习惯的实用智慧

DOI:
10.1007/s11245-020-09735-w
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
Topoi
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Robertson Ian
Robertson Ian
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Miyahara Katsunori;Robertson Ian

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习惯性的行为在没有有意识的考虑或反思的情况下展开,但往往似乎是聪明地适应了复杂的情况。那么问题来了,习惯性行为是如何表现出这种形式的智力的,而不属于典型的有意行为的范畴。把这个叫做习惯的智力难题吧。这个谜题有三种标准答案。一些人认为习惯缺乏智慧,并认为这个谜题是不恰当的。另一些人则认为,习惯性行为可以表现出智慧,因为它们是由自动而理性的命题过程引导的。其他人仍然认为,习惯引导智能行为,而不涉及命题状态,而是以行为诱导的方式塑造感知。基于约翰·杜威对习惯的实用主义解释,我们提出了第四个备选答案。我们认为习惯通过塑造感知、形成相互关联的网络以及与环境的合作来促进智能行为。
Habitual actions unfold without conscious deliberation or reflection, and yet often seem to be intelligently adjusted to situational intricacies. A question arises, then, as to how it is that habitual actions can exhibit this form of intelligence, while falling outside the domain of paradigmatically intentional actions. Call this the intelligence puzzle of habits. This puzzle invites three standard replies. Some stipulate that habits lack intelligence and contend that the puzzle is ill-posed. Others hold that habitual actions can exhibit intelligence because they are guided by automatic yet rational, propositional processes. Others still suggest that habits guide intelligent behaviour without involving propositional states by shaping perception in action-soliciting ways. We develop an alternative fourth answer based on John Dewey’s pragmatist account of habit. We argue that habits promote intelligent behaviour by shaping perception, by forming an interrelated network among themselves, and by cooperating with the environment.
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