MicroRNAs in the immune response.

MicroRNAs in the immune response.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.cyto.2008.07.016
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发表时间:
2008-09
期刊:
影响因子:
3.8
通讯作者:
David, Michael
David, Michael
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Pedersen, Irene;David, Michael

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MicroRNA (miR) 是在十多年前才被发现的,但人们很快就发现它们是基因表达的重要转录后调节因子,可以降低 mRNA 的丰度或翻译效率。虽然 miR 在与增殖、分化和凋亡相关的细胞命运决定中的作用很早就被认识到,但这些非编码小 RNA 对免疫系统发育和反应的重要性直到最近才变得明显。除了促进免疫细胞(例如 miR-181a 和 miR-223)的细胞命运决定外,miR 还调节适应性免疫反应的核心要素,例如抗原呈递(例如 miR-155)和 T 细胞受体信号传导(mir-181a)。此外,miR 通过调节 Toll 样受体信号传导和细胞因子反应(例如 miR-146)参与先天免疫。有趣的是,细胞 miR 不仅改变免疫细胞的发育和功能,而且还能够直接影响病毒复制。相反,病毒编码的 miR 塑造宿主-病毒相互作用并调节病毒生命周期。在这里,我们简要概述了细胞和病毒 miR 在免疫系统发育和功能中的作用。
MicroRNAs (miRs) were only discovered little more than a decade ago, yet it has become rapidly clear that they are crucial posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression by decreasing the abundance or translational efficiency of mRNAs. While the role of miRs in cell fate decisions linked to proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis was recognized early on, the importance of these non-coding small RNAs on immune system development and response has only recently become evident. In addition to facilitating cell fate decisions of immune cells (e.g. miR-181a and miR-223), miRs also regulate central elements of the adaptive immune response such as antigen presentation (e.g. miR-155) and T-cell receptor signaling (mir-181a). Furthermore, miRs are involved in innate immunity through regulation of Toll-like receptor signaling and cytokine responses (e.g. miR-146). Intriguingly, cellular miRs not only alter immune cell development and function, but are also able to directly affect viral replication. Conversely, virus-encoded miRs shape the host-virus interactions and regulate the viral life cycle. Here we provide a brief overview on the role of cellular and viral miRs in the development and function of the immune system.
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