Helicobacter pylori's unconventional role in health and disease.
Helicobacter pylori's unconventional role in health and disease.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.ppat.1000544
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发表时间：
2009-10
期刊：
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Salama NR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dorer MS;Talarico S;Salama NR
幽门螺杆菌这种存在于人类胃中并导致慢性疾病（消化性溃疡和胃癌）的细菌的发现在很多层面上都是激进的。众所周知，口腔和结肠都拥有大量微生物，统称为微生物群，而胃由于其高酸度而被认为是微生物的撒哈拉沙漠。我们现在知道，幽门螺杆菌是生活在胃中的多种细菌之一，尽管幽门螺杆菌似乎在这个群落中占主导地位。幽门螺杆菌不像典型的细菌病原体：疾病不仅仅由毒素的产生介导，尽管某些幽门螺杆菌基因（包括编码外毒素的基因）会增加疾病发生的风险。相反，疾病似乎是细菌、宿主和环境之间复杂相互作用的结果。此外，幽门螺杆菌是第一个被观察到具有致癌作用的细菌。宿主的先天性和适应性免疫防御，再加上胃环境中的因素，显然推动了幽门螺杆菌基因组变异的持续高速率。对从全球不同地点分离出的菌株的这种遗传多样性的研究表明，幽门螺杆菌在我们的整个历史中一直与人类共同进化。这种长期的联系不仅导致了疾病，而且还产生了可能的保护作用，特别是对于食道疾病。鉴于幽门螺杆菌与人类健康的复杂关系，在无症状个体中根除幽门螺杆菌可能不是最好的做法。幽门螺杆菌的故事教会我们更深入地了解我们的常驻微生物组及其相互作用的复杂性，无论是在这个复杂的群体中还是在我们自己的组织内，以便更好地了解健康和疾病。
The discovery of a bacterium, Helicobacter pylori, that is resident in the human stomach and causes chronic disease (peptic ulcer and gastric cancer) was radical on many levels. Whereas the mouth and the colon were both known to host a large number of microorganisms, collectively referred to as the microbiome, the stomach was thought to be a virtual Sahara desert for microbes because of its high acidity. We now know that H. pylori is one of many species of bacteria that live in the stomach, although H. pylori seems to dominate this community. H. pylori does not behave as a classical bacterial pathogen: disease is not solely mediated by production of toxins, although certain H. pylori genes, including those that encode exotoxins, increase the risk of disease development. Instead, disease seems to result from a complex interaction between the bacterium, the host, and the environment. Furthermore, H. pylori was the first bacterium observed to behave as a carcinogen. The innate and adaptive immune defenses of the host, combined with factors in the environment of the stomach, apparently drive a continuously high rate of genomic variation in H. pylori. Studies of this genetic diversity in strains isolated from various locations across the globe show that H. pylori has coevolved with humans throughout our history. This long association has given rise not only to disease, but also to possible protective effects, particularly with respect to diseases of the esophagus. Given this complex relationship with human health, eradication of H. pylori in nonsymptomatic individuals may not be the best course of action. The story of H. pylori teaches us to look more deeply at our resident microbiome and the complexity of its interactions, both in this complex population and within our own tissues, to gain a better understanding of health and disease.
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DOI：
10.1086/590158
发表时间：
2008-08-15
期刊：
The Journal of infectious diseases
影响因子：
--
作者：
Chen Y;Blaser MJ
通讯作者：
Blaser MJ
不同地理区域幽门螺杆菌的重组和克隆分组
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Achtman, M;Azuma, T;van Doorn, LJ
通讯作者：
van Doorn, LJ
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
CANN, RL;STONEKING, M;WILSON, AC
通讯作者：
WILSON, AC
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Andersson, Anders F.;Lindberg, Mathilda;Jakobsson, Hedvig;Backhed, Fredrik;Nyren, Pal;Engstrand, Lars
通讯作者：
Engstrand, Lars
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0404817101
发表时间：
2004-11-30
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Bäckström, A;Lundberg, C;Arnqvist, A
通讯作者：
Arnqvist, A