Plastic parasites: sophisticated strategies for survival and reproduction?

Plastic parasites: sophisticated strategies for survival and reproduction?
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DOI:
10.1111/j.1752-4571.2008.00060.x
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发表时间:
2009-02
影响因子:
4.1
通讯作者:
Nussey DH
Nussey DH
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Reece SE;Ramiro RS;Nussey DH

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适应性表型可塑性在生活史性状,行为和策略是普遍存在的生物系统。它是由环境梯度中的选择压力变化驱动的,并在权衡所施加的约束下运作。表型可塑性已被彻底记录的多细胞类群,如昆虫,鸟类和哺乳动物,在许多情况下,潜在的选择压力是很好的理解。虽然单细胞寄生虫面临许多相同的选择压力和权衡,但其表型性状的可塑性在很大程度上被忽视,并且仍然知之甚少。在这里,我们证明了进化理论,发展到解释观察到的多细胞生物的生活史特征的变化,可以适用于寄生虫。虽然我们的信息是一般性的--我们可以预期所有寄生虫的生活史都具有进化的表型可塑性--但我们的讨论集中在疟疾寄生虫上。我们使用一个进化的框架来解释寄生虫所面临的权衡,以及它们的生活史特征的可塑性如何根据它们在宿主环境中的变化来表达。测试寄生虫性状的变化是否具有适应性,将为寄生虫的基本生物学、流行病学和个体感染过程中的疾病过程提供新的基本见解。
Adaptive phenotypic plasticity in life history traits, behaviours, and strategies is ubiquitous in biological systems. It is driven by variation in selection pressures across environmental gradients and operates under constraints imposed by trade-offs. Phenotypic plasticity has been thoroughly documented for multicellular taxa, such as insects, birds and mammals, and in many cases the underlying selective pressures are well understood. Whilst unicellular parasites face many of the same selective pressures and trade-offs, plasticity in their phenotypic traits has been largely overlooked and remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that evolutionary theory, developed to explain variation observed in the life-history traits of multicellular organisms, can be applied to parasites. Though our message is general – we can expect the life-histories of all parasites to have evolved phenotypic plasticity – we focus our discussion on malaria parasites. We use an evolutionary framework to explain the trade-offs that parasites face and how plasticity in their life history traits will be expressed according to changes in their in-host environment. Testing whether variation in parasites traits is adaptive will provide new and fundamental insights into the basic biology of parasites, their epidemiology and the processes of disease during individual infections.
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