Phosphatidylserine in the brain: metabolism and function.
Phosphatidylserine in the brain: metabolism and function.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.plipres.2014.06.002
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发表时间：
2014-10
影响因子：
13.6
通讯作者：
Spector, Arthur A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kim, Hee-Yong;Huang, Bill X.;Spector, Arthur A.
磷脂酰丝氨酸（PS）是主要的阴离子磷脂类，特别是在神经组织的质膜内叶富集。PS是由磷脂酰胆碱或磷脂酰乙醇胺通过在位于内质网中的磷脂酰丝氨酸合酶1和磷脂酰丝氨酸合酶2催化的反应中将碱基头部基团与丝氨酸交换而合成的。Akt、Raf-1和蛋白激酶C信号传导的激活（其支持神经元存活和分化）需要这些蛋白质与位于质膜的细胞质小叶中的PS相互作用。此外，通过胞吐作用的神经递质释放和许多突触受体和蛋白质由存在于神经元膜中的PS调节。大脑富含二十二碳六烯酸（DHA），大脑PS具有高DHA含量。通过促进PS合成，DHA可以独特地扩大神经元膜中的PS池，从而影响PS依赖性信号传导和蛋白质功能。乙醇降低DHA促进的PS合成和积累的神经元，这可能有助于乙醇摄入的有害影响。在认知受损的受试者中观察到作为PS补充的结果的一些记忆功能的改善，但机制尚不清楚。
Phosphatidylserine (PS) is the major anionic phospholipid class particularly enriched in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane in neural tissues. PS is synthesized from phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylethanolamine by exchanging the base head group with serine in reactions are catalyzed by phosphatidylserine synthase 1 and phosphatidylserine synthase 2 located in the endoplasmic reticulum. Activation of Akt, Raf-1 and protein kinase C signaling, which supports neuronal survival and differentiation, requires interaction of these proteins with PS localized in the cytoplasmic leaflet of the plasma membrane. Furthermore, neurotransmitter release by exocytosis and a number of synaptic receptors and proteins are modulated by PS present in the neuronal membranes. Brain is highly enriched with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and brain PS has a high DHA content. By promoting PS synthesis, DHA can uniquely expand the PS pool in neuronal membranes and thereby influence PS-dependent signaling and protein function. Ethanol decreases DHA-promoted PS synthesis and accumulation in neurons, which may contribute to the deleterious effects of ethanol intake. Improvement of some memory functions has been observed in cognitively impaired subjects as a result of PS supplementation, but the mechanism is unclear.
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影响因子：
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作者：
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