Age, stage and senescence in plants.
Age, stage and senescence in plants.
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DOI：
10.1111/1365-2745.12088
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发表时间：
2013-05
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Salguero-Gómez R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Caswell H;Salguero-Gómez R
1.衰老（随着年龄的增长，死亡率或死亡力增加，或生育率下降）是一种普遍现象。关于衰老进化的理论长期以来一直关注死亡率和生育率选择梯度的年龄轨迹。在纯粹的年龄分类模型中，这些选择梯度不随年龄增加，这意味着在生命早期表达的特征比在生命后期表达的特征对健康的影响更大。如果在早期和晚期表现之间存在权衡，这种模式不可避免地导致衰老的演变。2.长期以来，人们一直怀疑，植物典型的阶段或大小依赖的人口统计学可能会改变这些结论。在本文中，我们建立了一个模型，包括阶段和年龄依赖，并推导出年龄依赖，阶段依赖和年龄×阶段依赖的选择梯度的死亡率和生育率。3.我们应用这个模型阶段分类的人口投影矩阵的36种植物，从各种各样的生长形式（从苔藓到树木）和栖息地。4.我们发现，在生命周期阶段内的年龄特异性选择梯度可以随着年龄的增长而增加（我们称之为逆衰老选择梯度）。在后期阶段，通常是植物种群中的大规模类别，这些逆衰老梯度的持续时间可以超过预期寿命几倍。5.合成.在植物中的年龄和阶段依赖性的相互作用导致衰老的选择压力从根本上不同于以前的年龄分类理论中发现的那些。这一结果可以解释大型植物似乎比大多数动物更不容易衰老的现象。这里提出的方法可以导致改善分析的年龄依赖和阶段依赖的植物种群的人口统计特性。
1. Senescence (an increase in the mortality rate or force of mortality, or a decrease in fertility, with increasing age) is a widespread phenomenon. Theories about the evolution of senescence have long focused on the age trajectories of the selection gradients on mortality and fertility. In purely age-classified models, these selection gradients are non-increasing with age, implying that traits expressed early in life have a greater impact on fitness than traits expressed later in life. This pattern leads inevitably to the evolution of senescence if there are trade-offs between early and late performance. 2. It has long been suspected that the stage- or size-dependent demography typical of plants might change these conclusions. In this paper, we develop a model that includes both stage- and age-dependence and derive the age-dependent, stage-dependent and age×stage-dependent selection gradients on mortality and fertility. 3. We applied this model to stage-classified population projection matrices for 36 species of plants, from a wide variety of growth forms (from mosses to trees) and habitats. 4. We found that the age-specific selection gradients within a life cycle stage can exhibit increases with age (we call these contra-senescent selection gradients). In later stages, often large size classes in plant demography, the duration of these contra-senescent gradients can exceed the life expectancy by several fold. 5. Synthesis. The interaction of age- and stage-dependence in plants leads to selection pressures on senescence fundamentally different from those found in previous, age-classified theories. This result may explain the observation that large plants seem less subject to senescence than most kinds of animals. The methods presented here can lead to improved analysis of both age-dependent and stage-dependent demographic properties of plant populations.
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