Anther-specific carbohydrate supply and restoration of metabolically engineered male sterility.
Anther-specific carbohydrate supply and restoration of metabolically engineered male sterility.
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DOI：
10.1093/jxb/erq105
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发表时间：
2010-06
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Roitsch T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Engelke T;Hirsche J;Roitsch T
雄性不育植物用于杂交育种以及在田间试验和农业生产中对转基因植物进行基因限制。除了导致雄性不育的自然发生的突变之外，生物技术为获得雄性不育植物增加了新的可能性，尽管迄今为止在实际育种中仅使用一种系统，这是由于在繁殖雄性不育植物时在下一代中没有分离或者在从杂交品种收获果实或种子时不能充分恢复育性的限制。在这里，提出了一种新的恢复雄性不育的机制，该机制是通过干扰细胞外转化酶活性来实现的，该酶通常在花药中特异性表达，以向发育中的小孢子提供碳水化合物。小孢子共质体隔离在花药的腔室空间中，因此同化物通过质外空间的卸载途径对于花粉的正常发育是必需的。花药特异性细胞壁转化酶的反义阻遏或通过在花药特异性转化酶启动子的控制下表达蛋白质抑制剂来干扰转化酶活性导致花粉发育早期阶段的阻断，从而导致雄性不育而没有任何多效性效应。恢复生育力成功地实现了由酵母转化酶融合到马铃薯衍生的液泡蛋白酶II（PiII-ScSuc 2）的N-末端部分，控制下的orthopyranther-specific转化酶启动子Nin 88从烟草的下调内源植物转化酶活性的替代。已知嵌合融合体PiII-ScSuc 2是N-糖基化的并且从植物细胞有效分泌，导致其质外体位置。此外，Nin 88：：PiII-ScSuc 2融合体在野生型背景下不显示对花粉发育的影响。因此，这样的植物可以用作杂交品种的父本，从而获得Nin 88：：PiII-ScSuc 2向杂交种的基因渗入，并恢复育性。为了拓宽该雄性不育/恢复系统在其他植物中的应用，对不同植物的转化酶（β-呋喃果糖苷酶）及其相关基因进行了遗传分析。这揭示了一个特定的集群的细胞壁转化酶与花药特异性表达双子叶植物和另一个集群的单子叶植物。因此，在这两组植物中，似乎存在一种共同进化，但这些基因家族成员的最近共同祖先并不存在。这些发现提供了一个有用的方向，以分类相应的候选基因在进一步的植物物种，除了迄今为止分析的物种（拟南芥，烟草，番茄，马铃薯，胡萝卜，水稻和小麦）。
Male-sterile plants are used in hybrid breeding as well as for gene confinement for genetically modified plants in field trials and agricultural production. Apart from naturally occurring mutations leading to male sterility, biotechnology has added new possibilities for obtaining male-sterile plants, although so far only one system is used in practical breeding due to limitations in propagating male-sterile plants without segregations in the next generation or insufficient restoration of fertility when fruits or seeds are to be harvested from the hybrid varieties. Here a novel mechanism of restoration for male sterility is presented that has been achieved by interference with extracellular invertase activity, which is normally specifically expressed in the anthers to supply the developing microspores with carbohydrates. Microspores are symplastically isolated in the locular space of the anthers, and thus an unloading pathway of assimilates via the apoplasmic space is mandatory for proper development of pollen. Antisense repression of the anther-specific cell wall invertase or interference with invertase activity by expressing a proteinacious inhibitor under the control of the anther-specific invertase promoter results in a block during early stages of pollen development, thus causing male sterility without having any pleiotropic effects. Restoration of fertility was successfully achieved by substituting the down-regulated endogenous plant invertase activity by a yeast invertase fused to the N-terminal portion of potato-derived vacuolar protein proteinase II (PiII–ScSuc2), under control of the orthologous anther-specific invertase promoter Nin88 from tobacco. The chimeric fusion PiII–ScSuc2 is known to be N-glycosylated and efficiently secreted from plant cells, leading to its apoplastic location. Furthermore, the Nin88::PiII-ScSuc2 fusion does not show effects on pollen development in the wild-type background. Thus, such plants can be used as paternal parents of a hybrid variety, thereby the introgression of Nin88::PiII-ScSuc2 to the hybrid is obtained and fertility is restored. In order to broaden the applicability of this male sterility/restoration system to other plant species, a phylogenic analysis of plant invertases(β-fructofuranosidases) and related genes of different species was carried out. This reveals a specific clustering of the cell wall invertases with anther-specific expression for dicotyl species and another cluster for monocotyl plants. Thus, in both groups of plants, there seems to be a kind of co-evolution, but no recent common ancestor of these members of the gene family. These findings provide a helpful orientation to classify corresponding candidate genes in further plant species, in addition to the species analysed so far (Arabidopsis, tobacco, tomato, potato, carrots, rice, and wheat).
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影响因子：
7.2
作者：
Goetz, M;Roitsch, T
通讯作者：
Roitsch, T
影响因子：
3.9
作者：
CHU, FK;WATOREK, W;MALEY, F
通讯作者：
MALEY, F
影响因子：
6.2
作者：
Cho, JI;Lee, SK;Jeon, JS
通讯作者：
Jeon, JS
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Hirsche, J.;Engelke, T.;Roitsch, T.
通讯作者：
Roitsch, T.
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.102301599
发表时间：
2002-08-06
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Bentolila, S;Alfonso, AA;Hanson, MR
通讯作者：
Hanson, MR