Unfair offers, unfair offenders? Fairness considerations in incarcerated individuals with and without psychopathy.
Unfair offers, unfair offenders? Fairness considerations in incarcerated individuals with and without psychopathy.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnhum.2013.00406
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
de Bruijn ER
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Radke S;Brazil IA;Scheper I;Bulten BH;de Bruijn ER
精神病态者经常犯下违反社会规范的罪行，这可能表明精神病态者的道德推理有偏见。然而，作为功利主义的决定的结果仍然相互矛盾，目前的研究调查了不同方面的公平性考虑的罪犯与精神病，罪犯没有精神病和健康的个人（N = 18/14/18，分别）。在修改后的最后通牒游戏（UG）的不公平的报价配对不同的可选择的替代品，从而建立一个建议的背景下，并在相反的意向性约束（有意与无意）。在以前的研究中，不公平的报价最经常被拒绝时，替代品是公平的，当报价是故意的。然而，重要的是，患有精神病的罪犯表现出与健康个体相似的拒绝模式，即，考虑到可替换的选择。相比之下，没有精神病态的犯罪者没有调整他们的决策行为，以替代提供，这表明在社会决策方面有更大的障碍。至关重要的是，拒绝决定背后的机制和过程可能不同，特别是在认知能力和情感能力方面。虽然保留的认知观点采择可以驱动精神病患者看似完整的决策模式，但情感同理心可能会受到损害。
Offenders with psychopathy have often committed crimes violating social norms, which may suggest a biased moral reasoning in psychopathy. Yet, as findings on utilitarian decisions remain conflicting, the current study investigated different aspects of fairness considerations in offenders with psychopathy, offenders without psychopathy and healthy individuals (N = 18/14/18, respectively). Unfair offers in a modified Ultimatum Game (UG) were paired with different unselected alternatives, thereby establishing the context of a proposal, and made under opposing intentionality constraints (intentional vs. unintentional). As in previous studies, unfair offers were most often rejected when the alternative was fair and when the offer was made intentionally. Importantly, however, offenders with psychopathy demonstrated a similar rejection pattern to that of healthy individuals, i.e., taking the unselected alternative into account. In contrast, delinquents without psychopathy did not adjust their decision behavior to the alternatives to an offer, suggesting stronger impairments in social decision-making. Crucially, the mechanisms and processes underlying rejection decisions might differ, particularly with regard to cognitive vs. emotional competencies. While preserved cognitive perspective-taking could drive seemingly intact decision patterns in psychopathy, emotional empathy is likely to be compromised.
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影响因子：
25
作者：
Buckholtz, Joshua W.;Treadway, Michael T.;Cowan, Ronald L.;Woodward, Neil D.;Benning, Stephen D.;Li, Rui;Ansari, M. Sib;Baldwin, Ronald M.;Schwartzman, Ashley N.;Shelby, Evan S.;Smith, Clarence E.;Cole, David;Kessler, Robert M.;Zald, David H.
通讯作者：
Zald, David H.
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Cima, Maaike;Tonnaer, Franca;Hauser, Marc D.
通讯作者：
Hauser, Marc D.
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
GUTH, W;SCHMITTBERGER, R;SCHWARZE, B
通讯作者：
SCHWARZE, B
影响因子：
10.6
作者：
Brazil, Inti A.;de Bruijn, Ellen R. A.;Verkes, Robbert J.
通讯作者：
Verkes, Robbert J.
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Brazil, Inti A.;Verkes, Robbert Jan;de Bruijn, Ellen R. A.
通讯作者：
de Bruijn, Ellen R. A.