IQ and schizophrenia in a Swedish national sample: their causal relationship and the interaction of IQ with genetic risk.
IQ and schizophrenia in a Swedish national sample: their causal relationship and the interaction of IQ with genetic risk.
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DOI：
10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.14040516
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发表时间：
2015-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Sundquist K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kendler KS;Ohlsson H;Sundquist J;Sundquist K
阐明智商与精神分裂症后续风险之间的关系。研究人员对1951-1975年出生的1,204,983名瑞典男性进行了18-20岁的智商评估。精神分裂症通过2010年的医院诊断进行评估。在智商范围内，智商与精神分裂症风险呈单调关系，每智商点的风险平均变化为3.8%。这种关联在智商较低和较高的范围内更强，如果在测试的五年内进行删失，则相似。智力最高的人患精神分裂症的风险没有增加。相关对照分析显示，在一般人群和堂兄弟姐妹、同父异母兄弟姐妹和同母兄弟姐妹中，智商与精神分裂症之间存在相似的关联。在预测精神分裂症风险方面，精神分裂症的遗传易感性和智商之间存在强有力的相互作用。精神分裂症的遗传易感性对低智商和高智商人群的患病风险有更大的影响。智商与遗传倾向的相互作用主要来自近亲之间的智商差异。在青春期后期评估的智商是随后精神分裂症发作的一个强有力的危险因素。这种关联并不是智商下降与隐性发病相关的结果。在这个大样本中，我们没有发现天才和精神分裂症之间存在联系的证据。相关对照分析表明，低智商和精神分裂症之间的关联不是共同的家庭危险因素的结果，可能是因果关系。最强的影响是家庭内部的智商差异。高智力大大减弱了遗传易感性对精神分裂症风险的影响。
To clarify the relationship between IQ and subsequent risk for schizophrenia. IQ was assessed at ages 18-20 in 1,204,983 Swedish males born 1951-1975. Schizophrenia was assessed by hospital diagnosis through 2010. IQ had a monotonic relationship with schizophrenia risk across the IQ range with a mean change of 3.8% in risk per IQ point. This association, stronger in the lower versus higher IQ range, was similar if onsets within five years of testing were censored. No increased risk for schizophrenia was seen in those with highest intelligence. Co-relative control analyses showed a similar IQ-schizophrenia association in the general population and in cousin, half-sibling and full-sibling pairs. A robust interaction was seen between genetic liability to schizophrenia and IQ in predicting schizophrenia risk. Genetic susceptibility for schizophrenia had a much stronger impact on risk of illness for those with low versus high intelligence. The IQ-genetic liability interaction arose largely from IQ differences between close relatives. IQ assessed in late adolescence is a robust risk factor for subsequent onset of schizophrenia. This association is not the result of a declining IQ associated with insidious onset. In this large, representative sample, we found no evidence for a link between genius and schizophrenia. Co-relative control analyses show that the association between lower IQ and schizophrenia is not the result of shared familial risk factors and may be causal. The strongest effect was seen with IQ differences within families. High intelligence substantially attenuates the impact of genetic liability on the risk for schizophrenia.
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