Quantitative imaging with a mobile phone microscope.
Quantitative imaging with a mobile phone microscope.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0096906
复制
发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Fletcher DA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Skandarajah A;Reber CD;Switz NA;Fletcher DA
在医学和科学应用中使用光学成像需要准确量化物体大小、颜色和亮度等特征。现代移动的电话上可用的高像素密度相机使得摄影对于消费者应用而言简单且方便;然而，实现这种简单性的相机硬件和软件可能对图像数据的准确量化构成障碍。自动化设置、专有图像处理算法、快速的手机发展和制造商的多样性加剧了这个问题。如果要使移动的手机摄像头发挥其潜力，在低资源环境中增加医疗保健的可及性，则必须充分了解基于移动的手机成像的局限性，并通过尽量减少其对图像量化影响的程序来解决这些局限性。在这里，我们专注于显微光学成像，使用定制的移动的手机显微镜，与来自多个制造商的手机兼容。我们证明，定量显微镜与微米级的空间分辨率可以进行多个手机和图像的线性，失真和颜色可以根据需要进行校正。使用所有版本的iPhone和2007年至2012年期间发布的Android手机，我们表明，超过5 MP的手机能够在广泛的放大倍数范围内实现几乎衍射极限的分辨率，包括与单细胞成像相关的分辨率。我们发现，自动对焦，曝光，和色彩增益标准的移动的手机可以降低图像分辨率和降低准确性的颜色捕捉，如果不校正，我们设计的程序，以避免这些障碍定量成像。通过适应移动的手机相机和科学相机之间的差异，移动的手机显微镜可以可靠地用于增加对各种医疗和科学应用的定量成像的访问。
Use of optical imaging for medical and scientific applications requires accurate quantification of features such as object size, color, and brightness. High pixel density cameras available on modern mobile phones have made photography simple and convenient for consumer applications; however, the camera hardware and software that enables this simplicity can present a barrier to accurate quantification of image data. This issue is exacerbated by automated settings, proprietary image processing algorithms, rapid phone evolution, and the diversity of manufacturers. If mobile phone cameras are to live up to their potential to increase access to healthcare in low-resource settings, limitations of mobile phone–based imaging must be fully understood and addressed with procedures that minimize their effects on image quantification. Here we focus on microscopic optical imaging using a custom mobile phone microscope that is compatible with phones from multiple manufacturers. We demonstrate that quantitative microscopy with micron-scale spatial resolution can be carried out with multiple phones and that image linearity, distortion, and color can be corrected as needed. Using all versions of the iPhone and a selection of Android phones released between 2007 and 2012, we show that phones with greater than 5 MP are capable of nearly diffraction-limited resolution over a broad range of magnifications, including those relevant for single cell imaging. We find that automatic focus, exposure, and color gain standard on mobile phones can degrade image resolution and reduce accuracy of color capture if uncorrected, and we devise procedures to avoid these barriers to quantitative imaging. By accommodating the differences between mobile phone cameras and the scientific cameras, mobile phone microscopes can be reliably used to increase access to quantitative imaging for a variety of medical and scientific applications.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
6.1
作者：
Gallegos, Dustin;Long, Kenneth D.;Cunningham, Brian T.
通讯作者：
Cunningham, Brian T.
影响因子：
10.3
作者：
Kroemer, S.;Fruehauf, J.;Hofmann-Wellenhof, R.
通讯作者：
Hofmann-Wellenhof, R.
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Flint, Alexander C.
通讯作者：
Flint, Alexander C.
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Krupinski, Elizabeth A.;Silverstein, Louis D.;Roehrig, Hans
通讯作者：
Roehrig, Hans
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
KELLY, DH
通讯作者：
KELLY, DH