Christian Self-Enhancement

Christian Self-Enhancement
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基督徒自我提升

DOI:
10.1037/pspp0000140
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发表时间:
2017
影响因子:
7.6
通讯作者:
Schrade
Schrade
中科院分区:
心理学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Gebauer;Sedikides;Schrade

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人们在自我概念的核心领域高估了自己。关键的是,这种“自我中心原则”的心理状态仍不清楚。一种观点认为该原则是人性中不可分割的一部分,因此具有普遍性并且能够抵抗规范压力。一种相反的观点认为该原则容易受到自我抹杀规范的压力(以及随后的修改),从而质疑其普遍性。后一种观点的支持者指出基督教强有力的自我抹杀规范,他们认为这在抑制自我增强方面特别有效,并认为基督教具有自我平静的功能。三组研究考察了基督徒的自我中心原则。研究 1A 和 1B(N = 2,118)将自我增强运作为对信仰戒律(自我中心性:基督徒≫非信徒)和共融戒律(自我中心性:基督徒>非信徒)领域优于平均水平的认知。研究2A-2H(N = 1,779)将自我增强操作化为对基督教(自我中心性:基督徒≫非信徒)、共融(自我中心性:基督徒>非信徒)和代理(自我中心性:基督徒≫非信徒)领域的知识的过度主张。研究 3A-3J(N= 1,956)将自我增强操作化为在共融(自我中心性:基督徒 > 非信徒)和代理(自我中心性:基督徒 ≈ 非信徒)领域的浮夸自恋。各项研究的结果趋于一致,为基督徒的自我提升提供了一致的证据。相对于非信徒,基督徒在基督徒自我概念的核心领域自我增强。研究结果也适用于不同宗教信仰程度的国家。基督教并不能平息自我。自我中心原则是抵抗规范压力的、普遍的、植根于人性的原则。
People overestimate themselves in domains that are central to their self-concept. Critically, the psychological status of this “self-centrality principle” remains unclear. One view regards the principle as an inextricable part of human nature and, thus, as universal and resistant to normative pressure. A contrasting view regards the principle as liable to pressure (and subsequent modification) from self-effacement norms, thus questioning its universality. Advocates of the latter view point to Christianity’s robust self-effacement norms, which they consider particularly effective in curbing self-enhancement, and ascribe Christianity an ego-quieting function. Three sets of studies examined the self-centrality principle among Christians. Studies 1A and 1B (N= 2,118) operationalized self-enhancement as better-than-average perceptions on the domains of commandments of faith (self-centrality: Christians≫ nonbelievers) and commandments of communion (self-centrality: Christians> nonbelievers). Studies 2A–2H (N= 1,779) operationalized self-enhancement as knowledge overclaiming on the domains of Christianity (self-centrality: Christians≫ nonbelievers), communion (self-centrality: Christians> nonbelievers), and agency (self-centrality: Christians≈ nonbelievers). Studies 3A–3J (N= 1,956) operationalized self-enhancement as grandiose narcissism on the domains of communion (self-centrality: Christians> nonbelievers) and agency (self-centrality: Christians≈ nonbelievers). The results converged across studies, yielding consistent evidence for Christian self-enhancement. Relative to nonbelievers, Christians self-enhanced strongly in domains central to the Christian self-concept. The results also generalized across countries with differing levels of religiosity. Christianity does not quiet the ego. The self-centrality principle is resistant to normative pressure, universal, and rooted in human nature.
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