Strategies for supervising people with mental illnesses on probation caseloads: results from a nationwide study.
Strategies for supervising people with mental illnesses on probation caseloads: results from a nationwide study.
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DOI：
10.1186/s40352-023-00241-w
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发表时间：
2023-10-12
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Taxman, Faye
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Van Deinse, Tonya B.;Mercier, Mariah Cowell;Waters, Allison K.;Disbennett, Mackensie;Cuddeback, Gary S.;Velazquez, Tracy;Lichtman, Andrea Murray;Taxman, Faye
缓刑监督官的任务是监督刑事法律系统中人数最多的精神疾病患者，估计有16%-27%的缓刑个人被确认有心理健康状况。虽然学术研究最近专注于围绕专业精神健康缓刑的原型模式建立证据基础，但对专业精神健康案例数量的个别组成部分以及机构用来监督精神疾病患者的其他策略的关注较少。有关这些策略的更具体信息将有利于缓刑机构，这些机构希望实施或增强对精神疾病患者的监督协议。本文描述了一项全国性研究的结果，该研究考察了(1)缓刑机构的心理健康筛查和识别方法；(2)精神健康案件量的特点，包括资格标准、官员选择、所需培训以及与服务提供者的接口；以及(3)缓刑机构用来监督精神疾病患者的其他策略。识别精神疾病的策略各不相同，大多数机构使用风险需求评估、收容过程中询问的自我报告项目或宣判前报告中的信息。不到三分之一的受访者报告说，他们使用了专门针对精神健康的筛查和评估工具，或者有一个跟踪或“标记”精神疾病的系统。结果还显示，缓刑监督官的精神健康培训要求存在很大差异，用于监督精神病患者的策略也存在差异(例如，精神健康案例数量、缓刑中嵌入的精神健康服务、经修改的认知行为干预措施)。监督战略的执行情况千差万别：(1)各机构有机会从各种战略中进行选择，并使其适应当地情况的需要；(2)在为单一战略或一套战略建立证据基础方面面临挑战。
Probation officers are tasked with supervising the largest number of people living with mental illnesses in the criminal legal system, with an estimated 16–27% of individuals on probation identified as having a mental health condition. While academic research has recently focused on building the evidence base around the prototypical model of specialty mental health probation, less focus has been directed to the individual components of specialized mental health caseloads and other strategies agencies use to supervise people with mental illnesses. More specific information about these strategies would benefit probation agencies looking to implement or enhance supervision protocols for people with mental illnesses. This article describes the results from a nationwide study examining (1) probation agencies’ mental health screening and identification methods; (2) characteristics of mental health caseloads, including eligibility criteria, officer selection, required training, and interfacing with service providers; and (3) other strategies agencies use to supervise people with mental illnesses beyond mental health caseloads. Strategies for identifying mental illnesses varied, with most agencies using risk needs assessments, self-report items asked during the intake process, or information from pre-sentencing reports. Less than a third of respondents reported using screening and assessment tools specific to mental health or having a system that tracks or “flags” mental illnesses. Results also showed wide variation in mental health training requirements for probation officers, as well as variation in the strategies used for supervising people with mental illnesses (e.g., mental health caseloads, embedded mental health services within probation, modified cognitive behavioral interventions). The wide variation in implementation of supervision strategies presents (1) an opportunity for agencies to select from a variety of strategies and tailor them to fit the needs of their local context and (2) a challenge in building the evidence base for a single strategy or set of strategies.
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DOI：
10.1177/0306624x16650679
发表时间：
2018-02-01
影响因子：
1.5
作者：
Belenko, Steven;Johnson, Ingrid D.;Rieckmann, Traci
通讯作者：
Rieckmann, Traci
影响因子：
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作者：
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影响因子：
2.1
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影响因子：
3.8
作者：
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通讯作者：
Friedman, Bruce
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Bonta, James;Blais, Julie;Wilson, Holly A.
通讯作者：
Wilson, Holly A.