Potential impact of Thailand's cannabis policy on the health of young adults: current status and future landscape.
Potential impact of Thailand's cannabis policy on the health of young adults: current status and future landscape.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.lansea.2023.100145
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发表时间：
2023-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Sohn, Annette H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yimsaard, Pongkwan;Lancaster, Kathryn E.;Sohn, Annette H.
大麻是世界上使用最多的非法药物，2020年估计有2.09亿用户，占全球人口的4%。1然而，对大麻和相关政策的文化态度各不相同，对大麻管制的最佳程度缺乏共识。在欧洲，还没有一个国家的政府支持娱乐性大麻的完全合法化，但有几个国家已经通过非犯罪化或非刑事化的使用和拥有放松了政策。1在美国，虽然大麻仍然是《管制物质法》下的附表I药物，但已有21个州批准使用娱乐性大麻。相比之下，在泰国2022年具有里程碑意义的政策变化之前，没有一个亚洲国家将娱乐用途合法化。自1979年以来，泰国的《麻醉品法》将大麻列为第五类麻醉品，该法禁止吸烟、拥有和出售大麻，并沿着规定对犯罪者的惩罚。40年后，随着政治和经济上支持大麻运动的势头增强，泰国于2019年将医用大麻合法化。同年，最常报告使用的非法药物已经是大麻，3%的人口报告终身使用。2从那时起，20岁及以上的泰国人被允许登记接受医用大麻治疗，而没有犯罪风险。然而，大麻一直被列为5类麻醉品，直到2022年6月，泰国食品和药物管理局正式将大麻植物的所有部分从5类名单中删除，使泰国成为第一个允许销售，种植，拥有和娱乐使用大麻植物而不受法律的处罚的亚洲国家。大麻合法化后缺乏对大麻产品的监管已成为一个全国性的公共卫生问题，特别是对青年的潜在影响。美国此前的研究发现，大麻合法化可能会使年轻人更容易获得大麻，使他们接触到广告和正常使用。3虽然在美国青年中进行的研究没有报告在州立法后大麻使用的增加，4泰国立法对青年的影响还有待研究。大麻合法化是否会增加使用大麻的青年使用其他“更难”药物的可能性，证据尚不确定。5然而，有证据表明，大麻合法化导致大麻产品的效力增加。6与高效力产品有关的新出现的关切包括大麻使用频率、大麻依赖的可能性和青年人患精神疾病的风险显著增加。7监控
Cannabis is the world’s most used illicit drug, with an estimated 209 million users in 2020, representing 4% of the global population. 1 However, there are variations in cultural attitudes towards cannabis and related policies, and a lack of consensus regarding what degree of cannabis control holds the best outcomes. In Europe, no national government yet supports full legalization of recreational cannabis, but several countries have relaxed policies by either decriminalization or depenalizing use and possession. 1 In the US, though cannabis is still a Schedule I drug under the Controlled Substances Act, twenty-one states have approved the use of recreational cannabis. 1 In contrast, no Asian country had legalized recreational use until Thailand’s 2022 landmark policy change. Since 1979, cannabis had been scheduled as a class-5 narcotic under Thailand’s Narcotic Act, which prohibited smoking, possessing, and selling marijuana, along with stipulating punishment for offenders. Forty years later, as the political and economic pro-cannabis movement gained momentum, Thailand legalized medical cannabis in 2019. That same year, the most commonly reported used illicit drug was already cannabis, with 3% of the population reporting life-time use. 2 Since then, Thais 20 years of age and older have been allowed to register for medical cannabis treatment without criminal risks. However, cannabis remained classified as a class-5 narcotic until June 2022, when the Thai Food and Drug Administration officially removed all parts of cannabis plants from the class-5 list, making Thailand the first Asian country to allow sales, growing, possession, and recreational use of cannabis plants without legal penalty. The lack of regulation of cannabis products following legalization has become a national public health concern, especially around the potential effects on youth. Previous US studies have found that cannabis legalization may make cannabis more accessible to youth, exposing them to advertising and normalizing use. 3 Although studies among US youth did not report an increase in cannabis use after state-based legislation, 4 the impact of Thailand’s legislation on youth has yet to be studied.Evidence is inconclusive on whether cannabis legalization may increase the possibility of using other ‘harder’drugs among youth who use cannabis. 5 However, evidence suggests that cannabis legalization has led to the increasing potency of cannabis products. 6 Emerging concerns related to high-potency products include the significant increases in cannabis use frequency, likelihood of cannabis dependence, and risk of psychiatric disorders among youth. 7 Monitoring
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DOI：
10.1136/bmj.e536
发表时间：
2012-02-09
期刊：
BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Asbridge M;Hayden JA;Cartwright JL
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Cartwright JL
影响因子：
4.2
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8
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DOI：
10.1111/add.13886
发表时间：
2017-12
期刊：
Addiction (Abingdon, England)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Smart R;Caulkins JP;Kilmer B;Davenport S;Midgette G
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Midgette G
影响因子：
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