Alterations in synaptic density and myelination in response to exposure to high-energy charged particles.
Alterations in synaptic density and myelination in response to exposure to high-energy charged particles.
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DOI：
10.1002/cne.24530
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发表时间：
2018-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Limoli CL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dickstein DL;Talty R;Bresnahan E;Varghese M;Perry B;Janssen WGM;Sowa A;Giedzinski E;Apodaca L;Baulch J;Acharya M;Parihar V;Limoli CL
高能带电粒子被认为是空间辐射环境中特别危险的组成部分。这些粒子包括氦、硅和氧等的完全电离的高能核。暴露于带电粒子导致活性氧产生，这已被证明会导致神经元功能障碍和髓鞘变性。在这里，我们表明，暴露于高能带电粒子的小鼠表现出海马树突棘密度的变化，与暴露于氦，氧和硅的小鼠薄棘显着减少，与假照射对照组相比。电子显微镜证实了这些发现，并揭示了整体突触密度和非穿孔突触密度的显着下降，氦和硅表现出比氧更有害的影响。髓鞘变性在暴露的小鼠中也很明显，有髓鞘轴突的百分比和g-比率发生显著变化。我们的数据表明，暴露于所有类型的高能带电粒子都有不利影响，氦和硅比氧具有更多的突触毒性作用。这些结果对长时间太空探索后宇航员中枢神经系统的完整性和认知健康具有重要意义。
High-energy charged particles are considered particularly hazardous components of the space radiation environment. Such particles include fully ionized energetic nuclei of helium, silicon, and oxygen, among others. Exposure to charged particles causes reactive oxygen species production, which has been shown to result in neuronal dysfunction and myelin degeneration. Here we demonstrate that mice exposed to high-energy charged particles exhibited alterations in dendritic spine density in the hippocampus, with a significant decrease of thin spines in mice exposed to helium, oxygen, and silicon, compared to sham-irradiated controls. Electron microscopy confirmed these findings and revealed a significant decrease in overall synapse density and in nonperforated synapse density, with helium and silicon exhibiting more detrimental effects than oxygen. Degeneration of myelin was also evident in exposed mice with significant changes in the percentage of myelinated axons and g-ratios. Our data demonstrate that exposure to all types of high-energy charged particles have a detrimental effect, with helium and silicon having more synaptotoxic effects than oxygen. These results have important implications for the integrity of the central nervous system and the cognitive health of astronauts after prolonged periods of space exploration.
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影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Attardo A;Fitzgerald JE;Schnitzer MJ
通讯作者：
Schnitzer MJ
影响因子：
16.2
作者：
Berry KP;Nedivi E
通讯作者：
Nedivi E
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Allen, Antino R.;Raber, Jacob;Fike, John R.
通讯作者：
Fike, John R.
DOI：
10.1023/a:1024134312173
发表时间：
2002-03-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF NEUROCYTOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
Benavides-Piccione, R;Ballesteros-Yáñez, I;Yuste, R
通讯作者：
Yuste, R
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Britten RA;Davis LK;Jewell JS;Miller VD;Hadley MM;Sanford LD;Machida M;Lonart G
通讯作者：
Lonart G