Enhanced brainstem encoding predicts musicians' perceptual advantages with pitch.
Enhanced brainstem encoding predicts musicians' perceptual advantages with pitch.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07527.x
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发表时间：
2011-02
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Gandour JT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bidelman GM;Krishnan A;Gandour JT
对西方调性音乐来说，重要的是和弦内部和和弦之间的音高关系;旋律和和声是通过组合从音乐的固定等级音阶中选择的音高而产生的。至关重要的是，音乐家有能力检测和辨别音高的微小偏差，以便与合奏中的其他成员保持一致。事件相关电位表明，负责检测失调和违反音高的皮质机制是更敏感和准确的音乐家相比，非音乐家。本研究的目的是解决这种优势是否也存在于皮质下阶段的音高处理。从音乐家和非音乐家记录脑干频率跟随反应（FFR），以响应调谐（即，大调和小调）和失谐（频率差异±4%）和弦琶音，仅在第三音的音高上有所不同。结果表明，音乐家有更快的神经同步和更强的脑干编码来定义音乐序列的特征，无论他们是在调或走调。相比之下，非音乐家有相对较强的代表性的主要/次要和弦，但表现出减弱的反应失谐和弦。脑干反应的幅度和性能之间的密切对应关系的两个行为音高辨别任务支持的想法，音乐家的增强检测和弦失调可能植根于前注意，感官阶段的处理。研究结果表明，感知方面的音高不仅代表在皮层下水平，但这些表示也增强了音乐的经验。
Important to Western tonal music is the relationship between pitches both within and between musical chords; melody and harmony are generated by combining pitches selected from the fixed hierarchical scales of music. It is of critical importance that musicians have the ability to detect and discriminate minute deviations in pitch in order to remain in tune with other members of their ensemble. Event-related potentials indicate that cortical mechanisms responsible for detecting mistuning and violations in pitch are more sensitive and accurate in musicians as compared to non-musicians. The aim of the present study was to address whether this superiority is also present at a subcortical stage of pitch processing. Brainstem frequency-following responses (FFRs) were recorded from musicians and non-musicians in response to tuned (i.e., major and minor) and detuned (±4% difference in frequency) chordal arpeggios differing only in the pitch of their third. Results showed that musicians had faster neural synchronization and stronger brainstem encoding for defining characteristics of musical sequences regardless of whether they were in or out of tune. In contrast, non-musicians had relatively strong representation for major/minor chords but showed diminished responses for detuned chords. The close correspondence between the magnitude of brainstem responses and performance on two behavioral pitch discrimination tasks supports the idea that musicians’ enhanced detection of chordal mistuning may be rooted at pre-attentive, sensory stages of processing. Findings suggest that perceptually salient aspects of musical pitch are not only represented at subcortical levels but that these representations are also enhanced by musical experience.
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