Neocortical dynamics due to axon propagation delays in cortico-cortical fibers: EEG traveling and standing waves with implications for top-down influences on local networks and white matter disease.
Neocortical dynamics due to axon propagation delays in cortico-cortical fibers: EEG traveling and standing waves with implications for top-down influences on local networks and white matter disease.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.brainres.2013.10.036
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发表时间：
2014-01-13
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Srinivasan, Ramesh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nunez, Paul L.;Srinivasan, Ramesh
关键词：
大脑被视为一个嵌套的分层复杂系统，在空间尺度上有大量的相互作用。局部网络被描绘成嵌入在突触动作和动作电位的全局场中。全局字段可以自上而下地作用于多个网络，从而绑定远程网络。由于尺度依赖性，实验电生理学需要与观测尺度相匹配的局部和全局模型。多个局部α节律嵌入在全局α节律中。全球模型中，厘米级的动态行为，主要是从传播延迟皮质-皮质轴突和皮质背景的兴奋水平，控制的神经调质在长时间尺度上。理想化的全局模型忽略了局部网络对全局场的自下而上的影响，从而采用了相对简单的数学方法。由此产生的模型是透明的几个EEG和稳态视觉诱发电位与认知状态，包括估计新皮层相干结构，行波，驻波。全球模型表明，全球振荡行为的自我维持（极限环）模式低于约20赫兹可能很容易发生在新皮质/白色物质系统提供：背景皮质兴奋性足够高;长皮质-皮质轴突系统的强度足够高;和自下而上的影响，局部网络的全球动态领域是足够弱。全球模型提供了“切入点”，以更详细的研究全球自上而下的影响，包括绑定弱连接网络，调制的伽玛振荡的θ或α节奏，以及白色物质赤字的影响。
The brain is treated as a nested hierarchical complex system with substantial interactions across spatial scales. Local networks are pictured as embedded within global fields of synaptic action and action potentials. Global fields may act top-down on multiple networks, acting to bind remote networks. Because of scale-dependent properties, experimental electrophysiology requires both local and global models that match observational scales. Multiple local alpha rhythms are embedded in a global alpha rhythm. Global models are outlined in which cm-scale dynamic behaviors result largely from propagation delays in cortico-cortical axons and cortical background excitation level, controlled by neuromodulators on long time scales. The idealized global models ignore the bottom-up influences of local networks on global fields so as to employ relatively simple mathematics. The resulting models are transparently related to several EEG and steady state visually evoked potentials correlated with cognitive states, including estimates of neocortical coherence structure, traveling waves, and standing waves. The global models suggest that global oscillatory behavior of self-sustained (limit-cycle) modes lower than about 20 Hz may easily occur in neocortical/white matter systems provided: Background cortical excitability is sufficiently high; the strength of long cortico-cortical axon systems is sufficiently high; and the bottom-up influence of local networks on the global dynamic field is sufficiently weak. The global models provide "entry points" to more detailed studies of global top-down influences, including binding of weakly connected networks, modulation of gamma oscillations by theta or alpha rhythms, and the effects of white matter deficits.
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