Interferon regulatory factor 4/5 signaling impacts on microglial activation after ischemic stroke in mice.

Interferon regulatory factor 4/5 signaling impacts on microglial activation after ischemic stroke in mice.
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干扰素调节因子 4/5 信号传导对小鼠缺血性中风后小胶质细胞活化的影响。

DOI:
10.1111/ejn.13778
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发表时间:
2018-01
期刊:
The European journal of neuroscience
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Liu F
Liu F
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Al Mamun A;Chauhan A;Yu H;Xu Y;Sharmeen R;Liu F

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小胶质细胞激活是引发和维持中风炎症反应的关键因素。研究发现,干扰素调节因子 5 (IRF5) 和 IRF4 信号传导分别对于介导外周炎症中巨噬细胞促炎 (M1) 和抗炎 (M2) 表型至关重要。我们假设 IRF5/4 调节轴也在中风后介导小胶质细胞激活。对 8-12 周的 C57BL6 小鼠进行 90 分钟的大脑中动脉闭塞,并在再灌注后 24 小时、3、10 和 30 天对大脑进行评估。利用流式细胞术检查小胶质细胞活化和细胞因子表达。对分选的小胶质细胞中 IRF5/4 的 mRNA 水平进行 RT-PCR。通过免疫组织化学检查小胶质细胞IRF5/4的表达,并通过ELISA测定脑细胞因子水平。我们的结果显示,排序的小胶质细胞中的 IRF5 mRNA 水平在中风后 3 天增加;而 IRF4 mRNA 水平呈现双相增加,在 24 小时短暂上升,并在 10 天达到峰值。通过 IHC 在 IRF5/4 蛋白与 Iba-1+ 细胞的共定位中发现了相同的模式。小胶质细胞中 TNF-α 和 IL-1β 的细胞内水平在中风第 3 天达到峰值,IL-4+ IL-10+ 双阳性小胶质细胞在第 10 天显着增加。这些细胞因子的脑水平与小胶质细胞细胞因子的变化一致。中风后 3 天与 10 天相比,行为测试结果更差。我们的结论是,小胶质细胞表型对于缺血性中风是动态的,IRF5/4 信号传导可能调节小胶质细胞 M1/M2 激活并影响中风结果。
Microglial activation is a key element in initiating and perpetuating inflammatory responses to stroke. Interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) and IRF4 signaling have been found critical in mediating macrophage pro‐inflammatory (M1) and anti‐inflammatory (M2) phenotypes, respectively, in peripheral inflammation. We hypothesize that the IRF5/4 regulatory axis also mediates microglial activation after stroke. C57BL6 mice of 8–12 weeks were subject to a 90‐min middle cerebral artery occlusion, and the brains evaluated at 24 h, 3, 10 and 30 days after reperfusion. Flow cytometry was utilized to examine microglial activation and cytokine expression. RT‐PCR was performed for mRNA levels of IRF5/4 in sorted microglia. Microglial expression of IRF5/4 was examined by immunohistochemistry, and brain cytokine levels were determined by ELISA. Our results revealed that the IRF5 mRNA level in sorted microglia increased at 3 days of stroke; whereas IRF4 mRNA level exhibited biphasic increases, with a transient rise at 24 h and a peak at 10 days. The same pattern was seen in IRF5/4 protein colocalization with Iba‐1+ cells by IHC. Intracellular levels of TNF‐α and IL‐1β in microglia peaked at 3 days of stroke, and IL‐4+ IL‐10+ double‐positive microglia significantly increased at day 10. Brain levels of these cytokines were consistent with microglial cytokine changes. Worse behavior test results were seen at 3 days vs. 10 days of stroke. We conclude that microglia phenotypes are dynamic to ischemic stroke, and IRF5/4 signaling may regulate microglial M1/M2 activation and impact on stroke outcomes.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.12.007
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