The use of divalent metal ions by type II topoisomerases.

The use of divalent metal ions by type II topoisomerases.
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DOI:
10.1039/c003759a
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发表时间:
2010-07
期刊:
Metallomics : integrated biometal science
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Osheroff N
Osheroff N
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Deweese JE;Osheroff N

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II型拓扑异构酶是调节DNA欠缠绕和过度缠绕以及从遗传物质中去除结和缠结的基本酶。为了实现其关键的生理功能,这些酶利用双链DNA传代机制,需要它们产生短暂的双链断裂。因此,在细胞存活所必需的同时,II型拓扑异构酶也具有分裂基因组的能力。原核和真核酶的这一特性分别被用于治疗人类的各种细菌感染和癌症。所有II型拓扑异构酶都需要二价金属离子来发挥催化作用。这些金属离子在两个不同的活性位点起作用,是atp酶和DNA切割/连接酶活性所必需的。ATP酶活性是链传递过程所必需的,它利用ATP的金属依赖性结合和水解来驱动蛋白质的结构重排。II型拓扑异构酶的DNA切割和连接活性都需要二价金属离子,并且似乎利用典型的双金属离子磷酸转移酶/水解酶机制的一种新变体来促进这些反应。本文将主要集中在真核II型拓扑异构酶和金属离子在这些酶的催化功能中的作用。
Type II topoisomerases are essential enzymes that regulate DNA under- and overwinding and remove knots and tangles from the genetic material. In order to carry out their critical physiological functions, these enzymes utilize a double-stranded DNA passage mechanism that requires them to generate a transient double-stranded break. Consequently, while necessary for cell survival, type II topoisomerases also have the capacity to fragment the genome. This feature of the prokaryotic and eukaryotic enzymes, respectively, is exploited to treat a variety of bacterial infections and cancers in humans. All type II topoisomerases require divalent metal ions for catalytic function. These metal ions function in two separate active sites and are necessary for the ATPase and DNA cleavage/ligation activities of the enzymes. ATPase activity is required for the strand passage process and utilizes the metal-dependent binding and hydrolysis of ATP to drive structural rearrangements in the protein. Both the DNA cleavage and ligation activities of type II topoisomerases require divalent metal ions and appear to utilize a novel variant of the canonical two-metal-ion phosphotransferase/hydrolase mechanism to facilitate these reactions. This article will focus primarily on eukaryotic type II topoisomerases and the roles of metal ions in the catalytic functions of these enzymes.
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