Microdistribution of faunal assemblages at deep-sea hydrothermal vents in the Southern Ocean.

Microdistribution of faunal assemblages at deep-sea hydrothermal vents in the Southern Ocean.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0048348
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发表时间:
2012
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Tyler PA
Tyler PA
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Marsh L;Copley JT;Huvenne VA;Linse K;Reid WD;Rogers AD;Sweeting CJ;Tyler PA

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微生物的化学合成初级生产支持了深海热液喷口丰富的动物群落,无脊椎动物物种的分区通常沿着物理化学梯度发生。最近在南大洋东斯科舍海脊(ESR)发现的喷口场代表了喷口生物地理学的一个新领域,但其独特动物群的空间动态尚未阐明。本研究确定了 ESR 深度 2,400 m 喷口区的动物区带模式、物种关联以及动物群微观分布与热液活动之间的关系。遥控潜水器 (ROV) 潜水获得了三个具有不同热液活动水平的烟囱结构的高清图像,以及与温度测量值共同记录的超过 250 平方米的海底马赛克图像。对镶嵌海底内动物群微分布的分析揭示了随着距喷口源距离和峰值温度的增加,动物区带的一致模式。最靠近喷口源头的群落显然主要是一种新的阿诺姆蟹(Kiwa n)。 sp。 (数量 >700 个体 m−2),其次是 peltospiroid 腹足动物(>1,500 个体 m−2)、eolepadid 藤壶(>1,500 个体 m−2)和肉食性放线菌海葵(>30 个体 m−2)。外围动物群并非以单一分类群为主,而是包括掠食性和食腐类群,例如海星、鳅和章鱼。不同活动水平的烟囱上动物群微分布的变化表明,在这个新的生物地理省份,喷口动物群可能存在演替顺序。主要消费者的 δ34S 值随着距喷口源的距离的增加而增加,以及其 δ13C 值的变化也表明了喷口动物群营养模式的可能分区。通过使用 ROV 摄像技术比以前的研究更广泛地获得喷口环境的高分辨率表示,这些结果为确定时间变化和调查南大洋喷口动物群的结构过程提供了基线。
Chemosynthetic primary production by microbes supports abundant faunal assemblages at deep-sea hydrothermal vents, with zonation of invertebrate species typically occurring along physico-chemical gradients. Recently discovered vent fields on the East Scotia Ridge (ESR) in the Southern Ocean represent a new province of vent biogeography, but the spatial dynamics of their distinct fauna have yet to be elucidated. This study determines patterns of faunal zonation, species associations, and relationships between faunal microdistribution and hydrothermal activity in a vent field at a depth of 2,400 m on the ESR. Remotely operated vehicle (ROV) dives obtained high-definition imagery of three chimney structures with varying levels of hydrothermal activity, and a mosaic image of >250 m2 of seafloor co-registered with temperature measurements. Analysis of faunal microdistribution within the mosaiced seafloor reveals a consistent pattern of faunal zonation with increasing distance from vent sources and peak temperatures. Assemblages closest to vent sources are visibly dominated by a new species of anomuran crab, Kiwa n. sp. (abundance >700 individuals m−2), followed by a peltospiroid gastropod (>1,500 individuals m−2), eolepadid barnacle (>1,500 individuals m−2), and carnivorous actinostolid anemone (>30 individuals m−2). Peripheral fauna are not dominated by a single taxon, but include predatory and scavenger taxa such as stichasterid seastars, pycnogonids and octopus. Variation in faunal microdistribution on chimneys with differing levels of activity suggests a possible successional sequence for vent fauna in this new biogeographic province. An increase in δ34S values of primary consumers with distance from vent sources, and variation in their δ13C values also indicate possible zonation of nutritional modes of the vent fauna. By using ROV videography to obtain a high-resolution representation of a vent environment over a greater extent than previous studies, these results provide a baseline for determining temporal change and investigations of processes structuring faunal assemblages at Southern Ocean vents.
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发表时间: 2005-01-01
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发表时间: 1997-10-01
期刊: MARINE BIOLOGY
影响因子: 2.4
作者:
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