Who acquires infection from whom? Estimating herpesvirus transmission rates between wild rodent host groups
Who acquires infection from whom? Estimating herpesvirus transmission rates between wild rodent host groups
复制标题
谁从谁那里获得感染？
DOI：
10.1101/2020.09.18.302489
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Erazo D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Erazo D
到目前为止，很少有寄生虫流行病学的研究调查了“谁从谁那里获得感染”的野生动物种群。尽管如此，确定疾病在人群中的传播途径，并确定驱动寄生虫传播和维持的关键人群，是了解疾病动态的基础。γ疱疹病毒是一组广泛存在的DNA病毒，感染许多脊椎动物物种，鼠γ疱疹病毒（即MuHV-4）是研究人类疱疹病毒的标准实验室模型，对于人类疱疹病毒，感染引起的病理学和免疫应答已得到充分理解。然而，尽管主要在实验室中进行了广泛的研究工作，但小鼠γ疱疹病毒在其自然宿主群体中的传播途径尚未得到很好的理解。在这里，我们的目的是了解木鼠疱疹病毒（WMHV）的传播，通过拟合一系列的人口动态模型，以现场数据的木鼠自然感染WMHV，然后估计传播参数内和宿主人口的人口群体之间。不同的模型占不同的组合的主机性别（男性/女性），年龄（亚成体/成人）和传输功能（密度/频率依赖）。我们发现，一个密度依赖的传输模型，包括明确的性别组拟合的数据比所有其他提出的模型。男性间传播是所有人口群体中最高的，这表明男性行为是推动WMHV传播的关键因素。我们的模型还表明，性别之间的传播虽然重要，但并不对称，感染的男性在感染天真的女性方面发挥了重要作用，但反之亦然。总体而言，这项工作显示了耦合人口动态模型与长期的现场数据，以阐明否则无法观察到的野生疾病系统的传播过程的力量。
To date, few studies of parasite epidemiology have investigated ‘who acquires infection from whom’ in wildlife populations. Nonetheless, identifying routes of disease transmission within a population, and determining the key groups of individuals that drive parasite transmission and maintenance, are fundamental to understanding disease dynamics. Gammaherpesviruses are a widespread group of DNA viruses that infect many vertebrate species, and murine gammaherpesviruses (i.e. MuHV-4) are a standard lab model for studying human herpesviruses, for which much about the pathology and immune response elicited to infection is well understood. However, despite this extensive research effort, primarily in the lab, the transmission route of murine gammaherpesviruses within their natural host populations is not well understood. Here, we aimed to understand wood mouse herpesvirus (WMHV) transmission, by fitting a series of population dynamic models to field data on wood mice naturally infected with WMHV and then estimating transmission parameters within and between demographic groups of the host population. Different models accounted for different combinations of host sex (male/female), age (subadult/adult) and transmission functions (density/frequency-dependent). We found that a density-dependent transmission model incorporating explicit sex groups fitted the data better than all other proposed models. Male-to-male transmission was the highest among all demographic groups, suggesting that male behaviour is a key factor driving WMHV transmission. Our models also suggest that transmission between sexes, although important, wasn’t symmetrical, with infected males playing a significant role in infecting naïve females but not vice versa. Overall this work shows the power of coupling population dynamic models with long-term field data to elucidate otherwise unobservable transmission processes in wild disease systems.
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