Is all risk bad? Young adult cigarette smokers fail to take adaptive risk in a laboratory decision-making test.
Is all risk bad? Young adult cigarette smokers fail to take adaptive risk in a laboratory decision-making test.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00213-011-2182-y
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发表时间：
2011-06
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
London, Edythe D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dean, Andy C.;Sugar, Catherine A.;Hellemann, Gerhard;London, Edythe D.
吸烟与现实世界的危险行为有关，但这种联系主要是基于回顾性的自我报告。自我报告数据的局限性可以通过使用实验室的、基于表现的测量方法来避免，例如气球模拟风险任务（BART； Lejuez等人，J Exp Psychol appll 8:75-84,）。最初的研究表明，吸烟者在这项任务中比不吸烟者表现出更大的冒险精神，但这些研究没有考虑到药物滥用和精神合并症，这些在吸烟者中很常见。我们试图在排除药物滥用和精神合并症后检查吸烟者和非吸烟者在BART上的表现。我们进行了一项研究，研究对象为青少年晚期/年轻成人（18至21岁）吸烟者（n = 26）和不吸烟者（n = 38），并排除了药物或酒精毒理学筛查阳性、药物滥用或依赖诊断和/或当前精神状况的个体。与之前的发现相反，吸烟者在BART上并不比不吸烟者表现出更大的风险。事实上，当逐个试验检查表现时，随着时间的推移，不吸烟者相对于吸烟者表现出越来越大的抽气(p <。001)，他们挣的钱并不比吸烟者多多少。在控制吸烟状况的情况下，进一步的分析显示，在BART上抽水与受教育年限、非语言智商和就业呈正相关。研究结果表明，在年轻人中，吸烟可能与不能承担风险有关，而冒险是可以适应的。
Cigarette smoking has been linked to real-world risky behavior, but this association has been based largely on retrospective self-reports. Limitations of self-report data can be avoided by using laboratory, performance-based measures, such as the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART; Lejuez et al., J Exp Psychol Appl 8:75–84,). Initial studies have suggested that smokers display greater risk-taking on this task than nonsmokers, but these studies did not account for drug abuse and psychiatric comorbidities, which are commonplace among smokers. We sought to examine the performance of smokers and nonsmokers on the BART after excluding drug abuse and psychiatric comorbidities. We conducted a study of late adolescent/young adult (age 18 to 21) smokers (n = 26) and nonsmokers (n = 38) performing the BART and excluded individuals with positive drug or alcohol toxicology screens, substance abuse or dependence diagnoses, and/or current psychiatric conditions. Contrary to previous findings, smokers did not display greater risk-taking on the BART than nonsmokers. In fact, when performance was examined trial-by-trial, the nonsmokers displayed progressively greater pumping relative to smokers over time (p < .001), earning them a nonsignificantly greater amount of money than the smokers. Controlling for smoking status, additional analyses revealed that pumping on the BART was positively associated with years of education, nonverbal IQ, and employment. The results suggest that in young adults, smoking may be associated with a failure to take risks in situations where risk-taking is adaptive.
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影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Fernie, Gordon;Cole, Jon C.;Field, Matt
通讯作者：
Field, Matt
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Domier, Catherine P.;Monterosso, John R.;London, Edythe D.
通讯作者：
London, Edythe D.
DOI：
10.1097/01.chi.0000188893.60551.31
发表时间：
2006-02-01
影响因子：
13.3
作者：
Crowley, TJ;Raymond, KM;Lejuez, CW
通讯作者：
Lejuez, CW
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Lejuez, CW;Aklin, WM;Moolchan, ET
通讯作者：
Moolchan, ET
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Lejuez, CW;Read, JP;Brown, RA
通讯作者：
Brown, RA