Autophagy pathway induced by a plant virus facilitates viral spread and transmission by its insect vector.
Autophagy pathway induced by a plant virus facilitates viral spread and transmission by its insect vector.
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植物病毒诱导的自噬途径促进其昆虫载体的病毒传播和传播
DOI：
10.1371/journal.ppat.1006727
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发表时间：
2017-11
期刊：
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Wei T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen Y;Chen Q;Li M;Mao Q;Chen H;Wu W;Jia D;Wei T
许多病毒病原体通过昆虫媒介持续传播，造成农业或健康问题。一般来说，昆虫媒介可以利用自噬作为一种内在的抗病毒防御机制来对抗病毒感染。病毒是否可以进化到利用自噬来促进其通过昆虫媒介传播仍然未知。本研究表明，植物呼肠孤病毒水稻瘿矮病毒（RGDV）在培养的叶蝉载体细胞和完整昆虫体内的持续复制触发了自噬过程，表现为出现明显的含病毒双膜自噬体，ATG8-I转化为ATG8-II，自噬通量水平增加。这种含有病毒的自噬体似乎能够介导非裂解性病毒从培养细胞中释放出来，或促进病毒在叶蝉肠道中的传播。应用自噬抑制剂3-甲基腺嘌呤或沉默Atg5的表达可显著降低病毒在体外和体内的传播，而应用自噬诱导剂雷帕霉素或沉默Torc1的表达可促进病毒的传播。此外，我们发现自噬的激活促进了病毒的有效传播，而抑制自噬则阻断了病毒通过昆虫载体的传播。总之，这些结果表明植物病毒可以诱导自噬体的形成以携带病毒粒子，从而促进病毒通过其昆虫载体传播和传播。我们认为，这种病毒诱导的自噬作用在媒介传播的持久性病毒通过昆虫媒介传播时是常见的。
Many viral pathogens are persistently transmitted by insect vectors and cause agricultural or health problems. Generally, an insect vector can use autophagy as an intrinsic antiviral defense mechanism against viral infection. Whether viruses can evolve to exploit autophagy to promote their transmission by insect vectors is still unknown. Here, we show that the autophagic process is triggered by the persistent replication of a plant reovirus, rice gall dwarf virus (RGDV) in cultured leafhopper vector cells and in intact insects, as demonstrated by the appearance of obvious virus-containing double-membrane autophagosomes, conversion of ATG8-I to ATG8-II and increased level of autophagic flux. Such virus-containing autophagosomes seem able to mediate nonlytic viral release from cultured cells or facilitate viral spread in the leafhopper intestine. Applying the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine or silencing the expression of Atg5 significantly decrease viral spread in vitro and in vivo, whereas applying the autophagy inducer rapamycin or silencing the expression of Torc1 facilitate such viral spread. Furthermore, we find that activation of autophagy facilitates efficient viral transmission, whereas inhibiting autophagy blocks viral transmission by its insect vector. Together, these results indicate a plant virus can induce the formation of autophagosomes for carrying virions, thus facilitating viral spread and transmission by its insect vector. We believe that such a role for virus-induced autophagy is common for vector-borne persistent viruses during their transmission by insect vectors.
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