Escape of non-enveloped virus from intact cells.
Escape of non-enveloped virus from intact cells.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.virol.2015.03.044
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发表时间：
2015-05
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Kirkegaard, Karla
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bird, Sara W.;Kirkegaard, Karla
病毒是如何在细胞间传播的？包膜病毒通过出芽获得其周围的膜。如果一个新包膜的病毒通过质膜发芽，它会立即发现自己在细胞外。如果病毒冲破了内质室（如内质网）的结合膜，病毒就会进入管腔，然后通过常规的分泌途径离开细胞。因此，尽管一些包膜病毒会破坏它们所感染的细胞，但在拓扑结构上却没有必要这样做。另一方面，脊髓灰质炎病毒等裸病毒缺乏外膜。它们是被感染细胞的细胞质或细胞核内的蛋白质-核酸复合物，如核糖体、剪接体或亨廷顿蛋白的聚集体。对于这种粒子来说，通过将其与细胞外部分离的单个脂质双分子层的最简单方法是破坏该双分子层的完整性。因此，非包膜病毒的主要退出模式是细胞裂解就不足为奇了。然而，更复杂的退出策略是可能的，例如创建新的室室，其复杂的拓扑结构允许在不破坏细胞完整性的情况下退出细胞质及其内容物。在这里，我们将讨论脊髓灰质炎病毒的非溶性传播，以及最近在几种不同的小核糖核酸病毒感染期间对这种区室的观察。
How do viruses spread from cell to cell? Enveloped viruses acquire their surrounding membranes by budding. If a newly enveloped virus has budded through the plasma membrane, it finds itself outside the cell immediately. If it has budded through the bounding membrane of an internal compartment such as the ER, the virus finds itself in the lumen, from which it can exit the cell via the conventional secretion pathway. Thus, although some enveloped viruses destroy the cells they infect, there is no topological need to do so. On the other hand, naked viruses such as poliovirus lack an external membrane. They are protein-nucleic acid complexes within the cytoplasm or nucleus of the infected cell, like a ribosome, a spliceosome or an aggregate of Huntingtin protein. The simplest way for such a particle to pass through the single lipid bilayer that separates it from the outside of the cell would be to violate the integrity of that bilayer. Thus, it is not surprising that the primary mode of exit for non-enveloped viruses is cell lysis. However, more complex exit strategies are possible, such as the creation of new compartments whose complex topologies allow the exit of cytoplasm and its contents without violating the integrity of the cell. Here we will discuss the non-lytic spread of poliovirus and recent observations of such compartments during viral infection with several different picornaviruses.
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影响因子：
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