Optimization of K-edge imaging for vulnerable plaques using gold nanoparticles and energy resolved photon counting detectors: a simulation study.
Optimization of K-edge imaging for vulnerable plaques using gold nanoparticles and energy resolved photon counting detectors: a simulation study.
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DOI：
10.1088/0031-9155/59/1/135
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发表时间：
2014-01-06
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Molloi S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alivov Y;Baturin P;Le HQ;Ducote J;Molloi S
We investigated the effect of different imaging parameters such as dose, beam energy, energy resolution, and number of energy bins on image quality of K-edge spectral computed tomography (CT) of gold nanoparticles (GNP) accumulated in an atherosclerotic plaque. Maximum likelihood technique was employed to estimate the concentration of GNP, which served as a targeted intravenous contrast material intended to detect the degree of plaque's inflammation. The simulations studies used a single slice parallel beam CT geometry with an X-ray beam energy ranging between 50 and 140 kVp. The synthetic phantoms included small (3 cm in diameter) cylinder and chest (33x24 cm2) phantom, where both phantoms contained tissue, calcium, and gold. In the simulation studies GNP quantification and background (calcium and tissue) suppression task were pursued. The X-ray detection sensor was represented by an energy resolved photon counting detector (e.g., CdZnTe) with adjustable energy bins. Both ideal and more realistic (12% FWHM energy resolution) implementations of photon counting detector were simulated. The simulations were performed for the CdZnTe detector with pixel pitch of 0.5-1 mm, which corresponds to the performance without significant charge sharing and cross-talk effects. The Rose model was employed to estimate the minimum detectable concentration of GNPs. A figure of merit (FOM) was used to optimize the X-ray beam energy (kVp) to achieve the highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) with respect to patient dose. As a result, the successful identification of gold and background suppression was demonstrated. The highest FOM was observed at 125 kVp X-ray beam energy. The minimum detectable GNP concentration was determined to be approximately 1.06 μmol/mL (0.21 mg/mL) for an ideal detector and about 2.5 μmol/mL (0.49 mg/mL) for more realistic (12% FWHM) detector. The studies show the optimal imaging parameters at lowest patient dose using an energy resolved photon counting detector to image GNP in an atherosclerotic plaque.
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影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Ducote JL;Alivov Y;Molloi S
通讯作者：
Molloi S
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Fischer, P;Helmich, A;Blanquart, L
通讯作者：
Blanquart, L
影响因子：
37.8
作者：
LOSORDO, DW;ROSENFIELD, K;ISNER, JM
通讯作者：
ISNER, JM
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Boone, JM;Seibert, JA
通讯作者：
Seibert, JA
影响因子：
10.8
作者：
Cormode DP;Skajaa T;van Schooneveld MM;Koole R;Jarzyna P;Lobatto ME;Calcagno C;Barazza A;Gordon RE;Zanzonico P;Fisher EA;Fayad ZA;Mulder WJ
通讯作者：
Mulder WJ