Imaging of nanoparticles with dual-energy computed tomography.
Imaging of nanoparticles with dual-energy computed tomography.
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DOI：
10.1088/0031-9155/56/7/008
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发表时间：
2011-04-07
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Molloi S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ducote JL;Alivov Y;Molloi S
进行了模拟研究，以确定在双能计算机断层扫描中成像纳米颗粒作为造影剂的可行性和性能。针对由水、钙羟基磷灰石和造影剂组成的三种材料患者体模的特定情况，使用分析模拟模型来模拟双能量成像中的相关信噪比（SNR）。元素金和碘都被认为是造影剂。模拟进行了一系列的单能（20 - 150千电子伏）和多能（20-150千电子伏）的光束光谱。参考配置定义为射束能量为80 kVp和140 kVp，以匹配当前临床实践。还研究了在高能束中加入银滤光片的效果。计算所有病例的品质因数（FOM），将双能量SNR归一化为患者积分剂量的平方根。FOM的单位是keV−1/2。使用一个简单的Rose可检测性模型来估计需要检测的任一元素的最小浓度（SNR>5）。对于单能束，金的峰值FOM为6.4 × 10−6 keV−1/2，而碘的峰值FOM为3.1 × 10−6 keV−1/2，金的峰值FOM大约大2倍。对于多能光谱，在参考能量为80 kVp和140 kVp时，金和碘的FOM分别为1.65 × 10−6 keV−1/2和5.0 × 10−7 keV−1/2，大约大3.3倍。同样在这些能量下，金的最小可检测浓度估计为58.5 mg/mL，而碘估计为117.5 mg/mL。结果表明，金纳米粒子造影剂的成像非常适合目前临床成像中使用的条件。对于相同的患者吸收剂量，添加800 μm的银滤光片进一步将金信号的图像质量提高了约50%。
A simulation study was performed to determine the feasibility and performance of imaging nanoparticles as contrast agents in dual energy computed tomography. An analytical simulation model was used to model the relevant signal to noise ratio (SNR) in dual energy imaging for the specific case of a three material patient phantom consisting of water, calcium hydroxyapatite and contrast agent. Elemental gold and iodine were both considered as contrast agents. Simulations were performed for a range of monenergetic (20 - 150 keV) and polyenergetic (20-150 kVp) beam spectra. A reference configuration was defined with beam energies of 80 kVp and 140 kVp to match current clinical practice. The effect of adding a silver filter to the high energy beam was also studied. A figure of merit (FOM) which normalized the dual energy SNR to the square root of patient integral dose, was calculated for all cases. The units of the FOM were keV−1/2. A simple Rose model of detectability was used to estimate the minimum concentration of either elements needed to be detected (SNR>5). For monoenergetic beams, the peak FOM of gold was 6.4 × 10−6 keV−1/2while the peak FOM of iodine was 3.1 × 10−6 keV−1/2, a factor of approximately 2 greater for gold. For polyenergetic spectra, at the reference energies of 80 kVp and 140 kVp, the FOM for gold and iodine was 1.65 × 10−6 keV−1/2 and 5.0 × 10−7 keV−1/2, respectively, a factor of approximately 3.3 greater. Also at these energies, the minimum detectable concentration of gold was estimated to be 58.5 mg/mL while iodine was estimated to be 117.5 mg/mL. The results suggest that the imaging of a gold nanoparticle contrast agent is well suited to current conditions used in clinical imaging. The addition of a silver filter of 800 μm further increased the image quality of the gold signal by approximately 50% for the same absorbed dose to the patient.
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