The distribution pattern of 5-methylcytosine in rye (Secale L.) chromosomes.
The distribution pattern of 5-methylcytosine in rye (Secale L.) chromosomes.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0240869
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Achrem M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kalinka A;Achrem M
黑麦（Secale L.）基因组很大，它包含许多类重复序列。鳞甲物种在基因组大小、异染色质含量和整体甲基化水平方面存在差异；然而，染色体中单个类型序列的组织是相对相似的。黑麦中丰富的亚端粒异染色质含量与胞嘧啶甲基化水平无关，因此采用免疫荧光法检测了中期染色体中5-甲基胞嘧啶（5-mC）的分布。5-甲基胞嘧啶在鳞甲种/亚种染色体中的分布模式大致相似。5-甲基胞嘧啶信号分散在所有染色体的整个染色体臂上，表明甲基化水平很高，特别是在反转录转座子序列上。在研究的每个分类群中，在着丝粒区和端粒区以及组成异染色质的亚端粒区都没有5-mC信号。然而，在这些区域存在一定程度的多态性，核仁组织者区域也是如此。异染色质间带区域内的序列甲基化也被证明是异质性的。出乎意料的是，黑麦亚端粒缺乏甲基化，这表明异染色质是染色质的一个非常多样化的部分，其表观遗传调控或对邻近区域的潜在影响可能比传统认为的要复杂。与端粒和着丝粒一样，亚端粒异染色质可能具有特定的作用，而维持异染色质状态需要5-mC的缺失。
The rye (Secale L.) genome is large, and it contains many classes of repetitive sequences. Secale species differ in terms of genome size, heterochromatin content, and global methylation level; however, the organization of individual types of sequences in chromosomes is relatively similar. The content of the abundant subtelomeric heterochromatin fraction in rye do not correlate with the global level of cytosine methylation, hence immunofluorescence detection of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) distribution in metaphase chromosomes was performed. The distribution patterns of 5-methylcytosine in the chromosomes of Secale species/subspecies were generally similar. 5-methylcytosine signals were dispersed along the entire length of the chromosome arms of all chromosomes, indicating high levels of methylation, especially at retrotransposon sequences. 5-mC signals were absent in the centromeric and telomeric regions, as well as in subtelomeric blocks of constitutive heterochromatin, in each of the taxa studied. Pericentromeric domains were methylated, however, there was a certain level of polymorphism in these areas, as was the case with the nucleolus organizer region. Sequence methylation within the region of the heterochromatin intercalary bands were also demonstrated to be heterogenous. Unexpectedly, there was a lack of methylation in rye subtelomeres, indicating that heterochromatin is a very diverse fraction of chromatin, and its epigenetic regulation or potential influence on adjacent regions can be more complex than has conventionally been thought. Like telomeres and centromeres, subtelomeric heterochromatin can has a specific role, and the absence of 5-mC is required to maintain the heterochromatin state.
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