Ensemble‐type Kalman filter algorithm conserving mass, total energy and enstrophy

Ensemble‐type Kalman filter algorithm conserving mass, total energy and enstrophy
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Ensembleâtype Kalman 滤波器算法守恒质量、总能量和熵

DOI:
10.1002/qj.3142
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发表时间:
2017
影响因子:
8.9
通讯作者:
M. Verlaan
M. Verlaan
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
T. Janjic;Y. Ruckstuhl;M. Verlaan

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对于数值离散方案,涡度拟能守恒的违反导致了系统的和不切实际的能量级联向高波数。同样的情况也发生在数据同化方案中,其中总能量、涡度拟能和散度可能受到强烈影响。在这篇文章中,我们构建了一个集合数据同化算法,保持质量,总能量和涡度拟能。该算法采用B-样条函数进行局部化,采用序列二次规划求解非线性约束极小化问题。使用2D浅水模型进行理想化实验,并选择来自自然运行的约束。结果发现,所有的实验都表现出相当的均方根误差,与那些包括全球综合拟能的守恒约束略有优势。然而,动能和涡度拟能谱在实验中的涡度拟能约束是相当接近的真实光谱,特别是在最小的可分辨尺度。因此,在同化算法中引入涡度拟能守恒,可以有效地避免旋转部分的虚假能量级联,从而成功地抑制了同化算法产生的噪声。14天确定性自由预报,从总能量和涡度拟能约束的初始条件开始,产生最好的预报。这同样适用于集合自由预报。
For numerical discretization schemes, the violation of enstrophy conservation causes a systematic and unrealistic energy cascade towards high wave numbers. The same occurs in data assimilation schemes, where the total energy, enstrophy and divergence could be strongly affected. In this article, we construct an ensemble data assimilation algorithm that conserves mass, total energy and enstrophy. The algorithm uses B‐spline functions for localization and sequential quadratic programming to solve nonlinear constrained minimization problem. Idealized experiments are performed using a 2D shallow‐water model, with selected contraints derived from the nature run. It is found that all experiments exhibit comparable root‐mean‐square errors, with a slight advantage for those that include the conservation constraint on the globally integrated enstrophy. However, the kinetic energy and enstrophy spectra in experiments with the enstrophy constraint are considerably closer to the true spectra, in particular at the smallest resolvable scales. Therefore, imposing conservation of enstrophy within the data assimilation algorithm effectively avoids the spurious energy cascade of the rotational part and thereby successfully suppresses the noise generated by the data assimilation algorithm. The 14 day deterministic free forecast, starting from the initial condition enforced by both total energy and enstrophy constraints, produces the best prediction. The same holds for the ensemble free forecasts.
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