A Krüppel-like factor is required for development and regeneration of germline and yolk cells from somatic stem cells in planarians.

A Krüppel-like factor is required for development and regeneration of germline and yolk cells from somatic stem cells in planarians.
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一种Krüppel样因子是涡虫体干细胞发育和再生生殖系和卵黄细胞所必需的。

DOI:
10.1371/journal.pbio.3001472
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发表时间:
2022-07
期刊:
影响因子:
9.8
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
生物学1区
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--
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有性生殖的动物将生殖系与体细胞分离。除了产生配子的性腺外,涡虫和寄生扁虫的繁殖还依赖于产生卵黄细胞的辅助生殖器官(vitellaria)来支持无卵黄卵母细胞的发育。尽管黄藻对于扁虫繁殖(和寄生虫传播)很重要,但人们对这种独特的进化创新知之甚少。在这里,我们检查了地中海涡虫的生殖系统发育,其中多能干细胞产生体细胞和生殖细胞谱系。我们发现多能因子 Klf4 的同源物在原始生殖细胞 (PGC)、假定生殖干细胞 (GSC) 和卵黄细胞祖细胞中表达。这种 klf4 样 (klf4l) 基因的敲除会导致动物无法指定或维持生殖细胞;令人惊讶的是,它们也无法维持卵黄细胞。我们发现卵黄细胞表现出类似生殖细胞的属性,并且卵黄在结构上类似于性腺。除了鉴定涡虫(卵黄细胞祖细胞)中新的增殖细胞群并定义其生态位之外,我们的工作还提供了支持扁虫生殖细胞和卵黄细胞具有共同进化起源这一假设的证据。
Sexually reproducing animals segregate their germline from their soma. In addition to gamete-producing gonads, planarian and parasitic flatworm reproduction relies on yolk cell–generating accessory reproductive organs (vitellaria) supporting development of yolkless oocytes. Despite the importance of vitellaria for flatworm reproduction (and parasite transmission), little is known about this unique evolutionary innovation. Here, we examine reproductive system development in the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea, in which pluripotent stem cells generate both somatic and germ cell lineages. We show that a homolog of the pluripotency factor Klf4 is expressed in primordial germ cells (PGCs), presumptive germline stem cells (GSCs), and yolk cell progenitors. Knockdown of this klf4-like (klf4l) gene results in animals that fail to specify or maintain germ cells; surprisingly, they also fail to maintain yolk cells. We find that yolk cells display germ cell–like attributes and that vitellaria are structurally analogous to gonads. In addition to identifying a new proliferative cell population in planarians (yolk cell progenitors) and defining its niche, our work provides evidence supporting the hypothesis that flatworm germ cells and yolk cells share a common evolutionary origin.
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