Odd man out for everyone: The justification of ostracism to maximize the whole group’s benefits

Odd man out for everyone: The justification of ostracism to maximize the whole group’s benefits
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每个人都是奇怪的人:排斥的理由是为了最大化整个群体的利益

DOI:
10.1002/ejsp.2725
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
3.9
通讯作者:
Igarashi Tasuku
Igarashi Tasuku
中科院分区:
心理学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Tamai Ryuichi;Igarashi Tasuku

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排斥带来了一个悖论:排斥一个群体的成员被认为是反规范的,但在许多社会中都有应用。这项研究试图通过人们排斥个人以最大化整个群体的利益的想法来解决这一悖论。发展了一种配对比较范式,迫使参与者从向其他成员提供不同数额利益的两个成员中选择一个被排斥的目标。然后,参与者对被排斥造成的心理痛苦程度进行评级。四个实验表明,参与者倾向于排斥赞助者(只向参与者提供利益),而不是功利主义者(使整个群体的利益最大化)。当排斥功利者而不是赞助者时,参与者感受到最强烈的心理痛苦。
Ostracism presents a paradox: ostracizing a member from a group has been considered anti‐normative yet has been applied in many societies. This study attempts to resolve this paradox through the idea that people ostracize an individual to maximize benefits to the whole group. A paired‐comparison paradigm was developed that forced participants to choose a target of ostracism from one of two members who provided different amounts of benefits to the other members. Participants then rated the degree of psychological pain caused by ostracizing. Four experiments revealed that participants tended to choose to ostracize a benefactor (who provided benefits only to the participant) rather than a utilitarian (who maximized the benefits to the whole group). Participants felt the strongest psychological pain when ostracizing a utilitarian rather than a benefactor.
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