Effect of Polishing on Lead and Cadmium Bioavailability in Rice and Its Health Implications.
Effect of Polishing on Lead and Cadmium Bioavailability in Rice and Its Health Implications.
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DOI：
10.3390/foods11172718
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发表时间：
2022-09-05
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影响因子：
--
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稻米抛光是降低稻米中重金属含量的重要途径，但其对稻米中Pb和Cd生物有效性的影响及其健康风险的研究还很有限。采用离体法和小鼠体内生物测定法研究了抛光对稻米中铅、镉生物可利用性和生物有效性的影响。糙米（40%）、轻加工糙米（62%）、发芽米（74%）和精米（79%）中Pb的去除率随着抛光度的增加而逐渐提高，而Cd难以通过抛光去除。发芽米中铅、镉的生物活性炭含量最高，糙米中铅、镉的生物活性炭含量最低。精米组铅、镉在肝脏和肾脏中的RBA显著高于糙米组。精米组肝脏和肾脏中铅的RBA分别为26.6% ± 1.68%和65.3% ± 0.83%，分别是糙米组的1.6倍和2.6倍。精白米组肝脏和肾脏的镉RBA值是糙米组的1.3倍。抛光虽然降低了精米中总铅的含量，但不足以抵消生物利用度的提高，其消费风险并未减弱。这项研究强调了口服生物利用度校正的健康风险评估的价值，以评估大米抛光对铅和镉暴露通过大米消费的影响。
Rice polishing is an important approach to reducing the concentrations of heavy metals in rice, but knowledge of its effect on the Pb and Cd bioavailability in produced rice and the related health risk remains limited. In this study, the effects of rice polishing on the bioaccessibility (BAC) and bioavailability (RBA) of Pb and Cd in rice are assessed using an in vitro method and an in vivo mouse bioassay. The Pb removal rate in brown rice (40%), lightly processed brown rice (62%), germinated rice (74%), and polished rice (79%) gradually enhanced with an increase in the polishing degree, while Cd was difficult to remove by polishing. The Pb and Cd BAC in germinated rice was the highest, while that in brown rice was the lowest. The polished rice Pb and Cd RBA in the liver and kidneys were significantly higher than those in the brown rice group. The Pb RBA in the livers and kidneys in the polished rice group was 26.6% ± 1.68% and 65.3% ± 0.83%, respectively, which was 1.6- and 2.6-times higher than that in the brown rice group, respectively. The Cd RBA values in both the livers and kidneys of the polished rice group were 1.3-times higher than those in the brown rice group. Although polishing reduced the total Pb in the polished rice, it was not enough to offset the increase in bioavailability, and its consumption risk was not weakened. This study highlighted the value of the oral-bioavailability-corrected health risk assessment for assessing the influence of rice polishing on Pb and Cd exposure via rice consumption.
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