Effects of HIV gp120 on Neuroinflammation in Immunodeficient vs. Immunocompetent States.

Effects of HIV gp120 on Neuroinflammation in Immunodeficient vs. Immunocompetent States.
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HIV gp120对免疫缺陷与免疫活性状态下神经炎症的影响

DOI:
10.1007/s11481-020-09936-5
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发表时间:
2021-06
期刊:
Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Cao L
Cao L
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Arabatzis TJ;Wakley AA;McLane VD;Canonico D;Cao L

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HIV影响着全球3700万人,其中25-69%的人发展为HIV相关的神经认知障碍(HAND),无论是否接受抗病毒治疗。大脑的艾滋病毒感染会降低认知功能,扰乱/损害学习和记忆,并降低受影响者的生活质量。HIV诱导的神经炎症与病毒蛋白如gp 120和达特有关,即使在外周病毒血症计数低的患者中,这些蛋白在CNS中也保持升高。在这项研究中,我们研究了gp 120对免疫缺陷与免疫功能正常状态下神经炎症的影响,通过检查gp 120 tg小鼠中的神经炎症标志物,无论是否存在由小鼠逆转录病毒给药(LP-BM 5小鼠AIDS)引起的全身免疫缺陷。炎症细胞因子/趋化因子mRNA表达的变化是复杂的,并依赖于gp 120蛋白的表达,免疫缺陷状态,脑区(海马,额叶,或纹状体),和年龄。在我们的实验条件下,Gp 120表达降低海马突触素表达,但不影响动物在自发T-迷宫测试中的学习/记忆。我们的研究结果强调了gp 120在神经炎症微环境和外周免疫系统中的关键作用。在开发HAND的治疗方法时,需要考虑多种因素,特别是不同大脑区域免疫反应的系统水平差异。
HIV affects 37 million people worldwide, 25-69% of which develop HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) regardless of antiviral treatment. HIV infection of the brain decreases cognitive function, disrupts/impairs learning and memory, and reduces quality of life for those affected. HIV-induced neuroinflammation has been associated with viral proteins such as gp120 and Tat, which remain elevated in the CNS even in patients with low peripheral viremia counts. In this study, we examined the effects of gp120 on neuroinflammation in immunodeficient vs. immunocompetent states by examining neuroinflammatory markers in gp120tg mice with or without systemic immunodeficiency caused by murine retroviral administration (LP-BM5 murine AIDS). Changes in inflammatory cytokine/chemokine mRNA expression was complex and dependent upon expression of gp120 protein, immunodeficiency status, brain region (hippocampus, frontal lobe, or striatum), and age. Gp120 expression reduced hippocampal synaptophysin expression but did not affect animals’ learning/memory on the spontaneous T-maze test in our experimental conditions. Our results emphasize the critical role of the neuroinflammatory micro-environment and the peripheral immune system context in which gp120 acts. Multiple factors, particularly system-level differences in the immune response of different brain regions, need to be considered when developing treatment for HAND.
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