Influence of cannabis use history on the impact of acute cannabis smoking on simulated driving performance during a distraction task.
Influence of cannabis use history on the impact of acute cannabis smoking on simulated driving performance during a distraction task.
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DOI：
10.1080/15389588.2022.2072492
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Brooks-Russell, Ashley
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Miller, Ryan;Brown, Tim;Wrobel, Julia;Kosnett, Michael J.;Brooks-Russell, Ashley
这项研究探讨了在急性大麻使用后进行的分心任务中每天或偶尔使用大麻的人的驾驶性能。招募了年龄在25至45岁之间、具有不同大麻使用史的健康成年人，使用基于汽车的驾驶模拟器参与受试者内对照实验。参与者被分类为每天使用（n=31），偶尔使用（每周1或2次; n=24）或未使用（n=30）。参与者完成了一个实践驱动器，然后在基线期间的四个5-10分钟的驾驶场景。然后，参与者自由吸食自己购买的大麻花长达15分钟。30分钟后，他们完成了另外4个5-10分钟的场景。根据难度对场景进行配对，并在基线和使用后阶段进行随机分配。每个场景包含0到3次重复的分心任务，其中参与者被音频消息提示从安装的平板电脑上显示的4×5网格中选择一个应用程序，这一步骤需要短暂地将目光从道路上移开。驾驶性能的措施（车道偏离，横向位置的标准偏差）进行了评估，在五秒钟内，音频触发和分析使用广义线性混合模型。与基线相比，那些偶尔使用大麻的人在急性大麻使用后的分心期间更有可能经历车道偏离（OR = 3.71，p = 0.04，CI = 1.04，13.17），而那些每天使用大麻的人没有表现出类似的增加（OR = 1.56，p = 0.43，CI = 0.52，4.64）。偶尔使用组的偏离风险变化显著大于未使用组（p = 0.02），但每日使用组与未使用组相比无显著差异（p = 0.18）。然而，在急性使用后，与未使用组中观察到的变化相比，每日使用的患者表现出相对于基线的速度降低（p = 0.02），而偶尔使用和未使用之间的差异未达到统计学显著性（p = 0.052）。横向位置的标准差差异没有统计学意义，可能是由于任务持续时间短。这些结果发现了与偶尔使用模式相关的最大潜在安全问题，这些人在急性吸食大麻后显示出车道偏离增加。每日使用组的人降低了他们的速度，这可能被解释为对药物作用的补偿。需要进一步的研究来了解在更长和更复杂的次要任务中的影响。
This research explores the driving performance of people who use cannabis daily or occasionally during distraction tasks performed following acute cannabis use. Healthy adults aged 25 to 45 years with different cannabis usage histories were recruited to participate in a within-subjects controlled experiment using a car-based driving simulator. Participants were classified as having daily use (n=31), occasional use (1 or 2 times per week; n=24), or no-use (n=30). Participants completed a practice drive followed by four 5–10 minute driving scenarios during the baseline period. Participants then smoked self-procured cannabis flower ad libitum for up to 15 minutes. Thirty minutes later, they completed four additional 5–10 minute scenarios. Scenarios were paired according to difficulty and randomized across the baseline and post-use periods. Each scenario contained between 0 and 3 repetitions of a distraction task where the participant was prompted by an audio message to select an app from a 4×5 grid displayed on a mounted tablet, a step that would require briefly looking away from the roadway. Measures of driving performance (lane departures, standard deviation of lateral position) were assessed during the five-second period following the audio trigger and analyzed using generalized linear mixed models. Those with a pattern of occasional use were significantly more likely to experience a lane departure during distraction periods after acute cannabis use relative to baseline (OR = 3.71, p = 0.04, CI = 1.04, 13.17), while those with daily use did not exhibit a similar increase (OR = 1.56, p = 0.43, CI = 0.52, 4.64). Changes in departure risk were significantly greater for the occasional use group compared to no-use (p = 0.02), but not for the daily use group compared to no-use (p = 0.18). However, following acute use, those who use daily exhibited decreases in speed relative to baseline in comparison to the changes observed in the no-use group (p = 0.02), while differences between occasional and no-use did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.052). Differences in standard deviation of lateral position were not statistically significant, likely due to the short duration of tasks. These results find the largest potential safety concerns associated with a pattern of occasional use, who displayed an increase in lane departures after acute cannabis smoking. Those in the daily use group decreased their speed, which may be interpreted as compensation for drug effects. Further research is needed to understand the effects during longer and more complex secondary tasks.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.aap.2021.106326
发表时间：
2021-09
期刊：
Accident; analysis and prevention
影响因子：
--
作者：
Brooks-Russell A;Brown T;Friedman K;Wrobel J;Schwarz J;Dooley G;Ryall KA;Steinhart B;Amioka E;Milavetz G;Sam Wang G;Kosnett MJ
通讯作者：
Kosnett MJ
DOI：
10.1136/bmj.e536
发表时间：
2012-02-09
期刊：
BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Asbridge M;Hayden JA;Cartwright JL
通讯作者：
Cartwright JL
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
MARKS, DF;MACAVOY, MG
通讯作者：
MACAVOY, MG
影响因子：
25.8
作者：
Marcotte TD;Umlauf A;Grelotti DJ;Sones EG;Sobolesky PM;Smith BE;Hoffman MA;Hubbard JA;Severson J;Huestis MA;Grant I;Fitzgerald RL
通讯作者：
Fitzgerald RL
影响因子：
6.1
作者：
Metz, Barbara;Landau, Andreas;Just, Mariana
通讯作者：
Just, Mariana