The neonatal group B streptococcal epidemic: lessons learned from studying associations.
The neonatal group B streptococcal epidemic: lessons learned from studying associations.
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新生儿 B 组链球菌流行：从研究协会中吸取的教训。
DOI：
10.1159/000329538
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Cooperstock,MichaelS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sherman,MichaelP;Cooperstock,MichaelS
新生儿科新生儿科和 b 美国密苏里州哥伦比亚市密苏里大学医疗保健系统儿童健康系在评估关联性时，(b) 即使观察到很强的关联性，也需要其他证据来支持因果关系，以及 (c) 无论研究进行得多么精确，都无法完全消除偏差。考虑到上述警告，Hill 阐述的九个观点可以作为评估 Ismail 等人的研究的框架[1]。我们确定他们的假设是否或多或少合理。根据 Ismail 等人的论文[1] 提供的信息，很难确定牛奶加工的变化与新生儿 GBS 疾病的出现之间的关联强度。当考虑其他并发事件的因果关系时尤其如此。尽管时间轴相当短，但牛奶运输的变化确实发生在英国新生儿 GBS 感染增加之前。由此，希尔的观点中最重要的一个标准，即时间性，就得到了满足。新生儿 GBS 疾病与牛奶加工变化之间的关联在不同人群中应该具有一致性。在美国，牛奶从奶牛场到加工厂的批量运输始于 1920 年之前，并于 1940 年广泛建立[7]。因此，牛奶大量运输到加工厂的情况早在美国新生儿 GBS 流行病出现之前至少二十年就已发生。这一观察结果表明替代关联可能是
Neonatology Fellowship, Division of Neonatology, and b Department of Child Health, University of Missouri Health Care System, Columbia, Mo., USA when an association is evaluated,(b) even if a strong association is observed, other evidence is required to support causation, and (c) no matter how precisely a study is conducted, bias cannot be totally eliminated. Considering the aforementioned admonitions, the nine viewpoints articulated by Hill can be used as a framework to evaluate the research performed by Ismail et al.[1]. We ascertain whether their hypothesis is more or less plausible.Based on information provided in the paper by Ismail et al.[1], it is difficult to determine the strength of association between a change in milk processing and emergence of neonatal GBS disease. This is particularly true when other concurrent events are considered in causation. Although the timeline is rather short in the number of years, the change in milk transport does come before the increase in neonatal GBS infections in the UK. Thus, a most important criterion among Hill’s viewpoints, namely temporality, is fulfilled. The association between neonatal GBS disease and a change in milk processing should have consistency among different populations. In the USA, bulk transport of milk from dairy farms to the processing plant began before 1920 and was widely established by 1940 [7]. Thus, bulk transport of milk to the processing plant occurred at least two decades before the emergence of the neonatal GBS epidemic in the USA. This observation suggests alternative associations may be
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DOI：
10.1037/e548432006-001
发表时间：
2010
期刊：
MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports
影响因子：
--
作者：
J. Verani;Lesley McGee;S. Schrag
通讯作者：
J. Verani;Lesley McGee;S. Schrag
影响因子：
10.5
作者：
B. Anthony;D. Okada
通讯作者：
D. Okada
奥斯汀·布拉德福德·希尔爵士和医学科学的进步。
影响因子：
--
作者：
R. Doll
通讯作者：
R. Doll
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Abdul Qader Tahir Ismail;D. Yeates;A. Marciano;Michael J Goldacre;Mark Anthony
通讯作者：
Mark Anthony
人类疾病中的 B 族链球菌。
影响因子：
--
作者：
M. Patterson;Anees EL Batool
通讯作者：
Anees EL Batool