Structure of human cGAS reveals a conserved family of second-messenger enzymes in innate immunity.

Structure of human cGAS reveals a conserved family of second-messenger enzymes in innate immunity.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.celrep.2013.05.008
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发表时间:
2013-05-30
期刊:
影响因子:
8.8
通讯作者:
Doudna JA
Doudna JA
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kranzusch PJ;Lee AS;Berger JM;Doudna JA

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外源核酸的天然免疫识别诱导保护性干扰素应答。细胞溶质DNA的检测通过激活环GMP-AMP合酶(cGAS)触发下游免疫信号传导。我们在这里报告了人cGAS的晶体结构,揭示了一个意想不到的锌带DNA结合结构域附加到核心酶核苷酸转移酶支架上。cGAS的催化核心在结构上与RNA传感酶2′-5′寡腺苷酸合酶(OAS)同源,并且不同的C末端结构域导致每种酶的特定配体活化要求。我们表明,cGAS锌带对于干扰素应答的STING依赖性诱导是必不可少的,并且中间环内显示的保守氨基酸是有效的胞质DNA识别所必需的。这些结果表明,cGAS和OAS定义了一个新的先天免疫传感器家族,并且与核心核苷酸转移酶的结构差异使得第二信使能够对不同的外源核酸做出反应。
Innate immune recognition of foreign nucleic acids induces protective interferon responses. Detection of cytosolic DNA triggers downstream immune signaling through activation of cyclic GMP–AMP synthase (cGAS). We report here the crystal structure of human cGAS, revealing an unanticipated zinc-ribbon DNA-binding domain appended to a core enzymatic nucleotidyl transferase scaffold. The catalytic core of cGAS is structurally homologous to the RNA sensing enzyme, 2′–5′ oligo-adenylate synthase (OAS), and divergent C-terminal domains account for specific ligand-activation requirements of each enzyme. We show that the cGAS zinc-ribbon is essential for STING-dependent induction of the interferon response, and conserved amino acids displayed within the intervening loops are required for efficient cytosolic DNA recognition. These results demonstrate that cGAS and OAS define a new family of innate immunity sensors, and that structural divergence from a core nucleotidyl transferase enables second-messenger responses to distinct foreign nucleic acids.
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