Expression and actions of transcription factors in adult hippocampal neurogenesis.

Expression and actions of transcription factors in adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
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DOI:
10.1002/dneu.20882
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发表时间:
2011-08
影响因子:
3
通讯作者:
Hevner, Robert F.
Hevner, Robert F.
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hodge, Rebecca D.;Hevner, Robert F.

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成体大脑中的神经发生曾经被认为是一个基本不存在的过程,现在已经被证明发生在成年哺乳动物一生中的几个大脑区域中。成年神经发生通常只发生在与侧脑室交界的脑室下区(SVZ)和海马齿状回的颗粒下区(SGZ)。这些区域内的神经源性前体细胞产生不同类型的神经元,SGZ中的前体细胞产生分布在DG颗粒细胞层的谷氨酸能神经元,而SVZ内的前体细胞产生目的地为嗅球的神经元。在这篇综述中,我们重点介绍了转录因子在成年海马神经发生过程中的表达和功能的最新研究。在这方面,最近的证据表明,成年神经发生复制了胚胎大脑中祖细胞发育的重要方面。具体地说,我们和其他实验室的工作表明,在胚胎大脑皮层神经发生期间激活的转录因子级联在胚胎大脑皮层的前体细胞中也被激活,在决定神经元命运和调节前体细胞的增殖和维持方面发挥重要作用。这些发现表明,保守的转录因子级联调控描绘祖细胞谱系和控制祖细胞增殖和分化的遗传程序。
Neurogenesis in the adult brain, a process once thought to be essentially absent, has now been demonstrated to occur throughout adult mammalian life within several brain regions. Adult neurogenesis normally occurs only within the subventricular zone (SVZ) bordering the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). Neurogenic progenitors within these regions produce distinct neuron types, with progenitors in the SGZ giving rise to glutamatergic neurons that populate the DG granule cell layer and those within the SVZ producing neurons destined for the olfactory bulb. In this review, we highlight recent research on transcription factor expression and function during adult hippocampal neurogenesis. In this regard, recent evidence indicates that adult neurogenesis replicates important aspects of progenitor cell development in the embryonic brain. Specifically, work from our laboratory and others indicates that transcription factor cascades active in progenitor cells during neurogenesis in the embryonic cerebral cortex are also activated in adult hippocampal progenitor cells, where they play an important role in determining neuronal fate and regulating progenitor cell proliferation and maintenance. These findings suggest that conserved transcription factor cascades regulate genetic programs that delineate progenitor cell lineages and control progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation.
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