Physical Activity Behavior Before, During, and After COVID-19 Restrictions: Longitudinal Smartphone-Tracking Study of Adults in the United Kingdom.
Physical Activity Behavior Before, During, and After COVID-19 Restrictions: Longitudinal Smartphone-Tracking Study of Adults in the United Kingdom.
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在199限制之前，之中和之后的体育活动行为：英国成年人的纵向智能手机跟踪研究。
DOI：
10.2196/23701
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发表时间：
2021-02-03
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Fisher A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McCarthy H;Potts HWW;Fisher A
COVID-19疫情导致全球实施限制措施，以减少社交接触及病毒传播。据报告，这些措施对身体活动（PA）有负面影响。大流行期间的PA研究主要使用自我报告的数据。使用跟踪数据的单一学术研究没有报告人口统计数据。本研究旨在探索智能手机跟踪的活动模式之前，期间，并立即锁定后，在英国，并检查社会人口特征和PA的先前水平的差异。于二零二零年一月至六月期间，使用BetterPoints智能手机应用程序追踪PA的纵向每周分钟数。按周、人口统计学和基线活动水平绘制数据。使用非参数差异检验评估封锁前和封锁期间以及封锁缓解时重要时间点的平均和中位每周活动分钟数。使用广义估计方程（GEE）检查人口统计学（年龄、性别、多重痴呆指数、基线活动水平）随时间的变化。共有5395名使用者，平均年龄为41岁（SD 12），61%（n=3274）为女性。基线时，26%（n=1422）的用户不活动，23%（n=1240）相当活跃，51%（n=2733）活跃。在被剥夺的十分位数中，分布相对均匀（最少被剥夺的十分位数为31% [n=1693]，最多被剥夺的十分位数为23%[n=1261]）。我们发现，从宣布首例COVID-19病例前一周（基线）到放宽社交距离限制的一周，PA发生了显著变化（弗里德曼检验：χ22=2331，P<.001）。到第一个完整的一周锁定，PA的中位数变化为57分钟，低于基线。这意味着每周PA分钟数减少了37%。总体而言，63%的人在基线和COVID-19限制的第一周之间减少了活动水平。年轻人在封锁前显示出更多的PA，但在封锁后显示出最少的PA。相比之下，那些年龄超过65岁的人似乎始终保持更活跃的状态，并且在封锁解除后立即增加了他们的活动水平。与那些被认为相当活跃或不活跃的人相比，基线时被归类为活跃的人的PA水平下降幅度更大。社会经济群体和性别似乎与PA的变化无关。我们追踪的PA数据显示，在英国COVID-19封锁期间，PA显著下降。不同年龄组和先前PA水平的显著差异表明，政府对COVID-19的应对需要对这些个体差异敏感，政府应做出相应的反应。具体来说，它应该考虑对年轻群体的影响，鼓励每个人增加他们的PA，而不是假设人们会自行恢复之前的PA水平。
The COVID-19 pandemic led to the implementation of worldwide restrictive measures to reduce social contact and viral spread. These measures have been reported to have a negative effect on physical activity (PA). Studies of PA during the pandemic have primarily used self-reported data. The single academic study that used tracked data did not report on demographics. This study aimed to explore patterns of smartphone-tracked activity before, during, and immediately after lockdown in the United Kingdom, and examine differences by sociodemographic characteristics and prior levels of PA. Tracked longitudinal weekly minutes of PA were captured using the BetterPoints smartphone app between January and June 2020. Data were plotted by week, demographics, and activity levels at baseline. Nonparametric tests of difference were used to assess mean and median weekly minutes of activity at significant points before and during the lockdown, and as the lockdown was eased. Changes over time by demographics (age, gender, Index of Multiple Deprivation, baseline activity levels) were examined using generalized estimating equations (GEEs). There were 5395 users with a mean age of 41 years (SD 12) and 61% (n=3274) were female. At baseline, 26% (n=1422) of users were inactive, 23% (n=1240) were fairly active, and 51% (n=2733) were active. There was a relatively even spread across deprivation deciles (31% [n=1693] in the least deprived deciles and 23% in the most [n=1261]). We found significant changes in PA from the week before the first case of COVID-19 was announced (baseline) to the week that social distancing restrictions were relaxed (Friedman test: χ22=2331, P<.001). By the first full week of lockdown, the median change in PA was 57 minutes less than baseline. This represents a 37% reduction in weekly minutes of PA. Overall, 63% of people decreased their level of activity between baseline and the first week of COVID-19 restrictions. Younger people showed more PA before lockdown but the least PA after lockdown. In contrast, those aged >65 years appeared to remain more active throughout and increased their activity levels as soon as lockdown was eased. Levels of PA among those classed as active at baseline showed a larger drop compared with those considered to be fairly active or inactive. Socioeconomic group and gender did not appear to be associated with changes in PA. Our tracked PA data suggests a significant drop in PA during the United Kingdom’s COVID-19 lockdown. Significant differences by age group and prior PA levels suggests that the government’s response to COVID-19 needs to be sensitive to these individual differences and the government should react accordingly. Specifically, it should consider the impact on younger age groups, encourage everyone to increase their PA, and not assume that people will recover prior levels of PA on their own.
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