The Roles of Autophagy in Cancer.

The Roles of Autophagy in Cancer.
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DOI:
10.3390/ijms19113466
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发表时间:
2018-11-05
影响因子:
5.6
通讯作者:
Lee SH
Lee SH
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Yun CW;Lee SH

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自噬是一种细胞内降解过程,发生在几种应激条件下,包括细胞器损伤,异常蛋白质的存在和营养剥夺。自噬机制启动自噬体的形成,自噬体捕获降解的组分,然后与溶酶体融合以回收这些组分。在许多癌症中,自噬的调节在肿瘤抑制和促进中起双重作用。此外,自噬通过有助于维持干细胞性、诱导复发和发展对抗癌试剂的抗性来调节癌症干细胞的性质。虽然一些自噬调节剂,如雷帕霉素和氯喹,在抗癌治疗中被用来调节自噬,但由于这一过程也在肿瘤抑制和促进中发挥作用,因此自噬在癌症中的确切机制需要进一步研究。本文就应激条件下自噬的机制及其在肿瘤抑制和促进中的作用以及在肿瘤干细胞中的作用进行综述。此外,我们还讨论了自噬如何成为癌症治疗中一个有前途的潜在治疗靶点。
Autophagy is an intracellular degradative process that occurs under several stressful conditions, including organelle damage, the presence of abnormal proteins, and nutrient deprivation. The mechanism of autophagy initiates the formation of autophagosomes that capture degraded components and then fuse with lysosomes to recycle these components. The modulation of autophagy plays dual roles in tumor suppression and promotion in many cancers. In addition, autophagy regulates the properties of cancer stem-cells by contributing to the maintenance of stemness, the induction of recurrence, and the development of resistance to anticancer reagents. Although some autophagy modulators, such as rapamycin and chloroquine, are used to regulate autophagy in anticancer therapy, since this process also plays roles in both tumor suppression and promotion, the precise mechanism of autophagy in cancer requires further study. In this review, we will summarize the mechanism of autophagy under stressful conditions and its roles in tumor suppression and promotion in cancer and in cancer stem-cells. Furthermore, we discuss how autophagy is a promising potential therapeutic target in cancer treatment.
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