Sex determination in the nematode C. elegans: analysis of tra-3 suppressors and characterization of fem genes.
Sex determination in the nematode C. elegans: analysis of tra-3 suppressors and characterization of fem genes.
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线虫秀丽隐杆线虫的性别决定：tra-3 抑制因子的分析和 fem 基因的表征。
DOI：
10.1093/genetics/114.1.15
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发表时间：
1986
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Jonathan Hodgkin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jonathan Hodgkin
基因 tra-3 的突变导致线虫的 XX 动物部分雄性化，这些动物通常是雌雄同体（雄性为 XO）。总共分离并分析了 43 个 tra-3 回复突变体（1 个基因内的，42 个基因外的），希望能够鉴定出新的性别决定位点。大多数（38）基因外抑制因子导致 XX 和 XO 动物部分或完全女性化；其余四个是弱抑制器。女性化抑制基因大多是已知性别决定基因的等位基因：tra-1（11 个显性等位基因）、tra-2（1 个显性等位基因）、fem-1（4 个等位基因）和 fem-2（4 个等位基因），但 18 个是新基因 fem-3 的等位基因。已分离出 fem-2 和 fem-3 基因以及 fem-3 缺陷的其他等位基因。 fem-3 中的突变类似于 fem-1 的等位基因（先前已表征）：假定的无效等位基因导致 XX 和 XO 动物完全女性化，将它们转变为可生育的雌性。 fem-2 的严重等位基因也会导致 XX 动物在所有温度下完全雌性化，但 fem-2 XO 动物的雌性化对温度敏感：在 25 度时完成，在 20 度时不完全。与 fem-1 一样，fem-2 和 fem-3 的严重突变完全上位于种系中的 tra-2 和 tra-3 的雄性化等位基因，并且上位于 tra-1 的雄性化等位基因，但不在体细胞中。所有三个 fem 基因对于男性发育都是必需的，并且似乎在促进精子发生和抑制 tra-1 活性方面具有双重作用。所有三个 fem 基因均表现出强烈的母性效应； fem 基因产物的母体贡献可能在 XX 动物中通过转录后机制失活。野生型 fem-3 产物的母体贡献对于正常 XO 雄性发育和 XX 雌雄同体（与雌性相反）发育是必需的。
Mutations of the gene tra-3 result in partial masculinization of XX animals of C. elegans, which are normally hermaphrodites (males are XO). A total of 43 tra-3 revertants (one intragenic, 42 extragenic) have been isolated and analyzed, in the hope of identifying new sex-determination loci. Most (38) of the extra-genic suppressors cause partial or complete feminization of XX and XO animals; the remaining four are weak suppressors. The feminizing suppressors are mostly alleles of known sex-determining genes: tra-1 (11 dominant alleles), tra-2 (one dominant allele), fem-1 (four alleles) and fem-2 (four alleles), but 18 are alleles of a new gene, fem-3. Additional alleles have been isolated for the fem-2 and fem-3 genes, as well as fem-3 deficiencies. Mutations in fem-3 resemble alleles of fem-1 (previously characterized): putative null alleles result in complete feminization of XX and XO animals, transforming them into fertile females. Severe alleles of fem-2 also cause complete feminization of XX animals at all temperatures, but feminization of fem-2 XO animals is temperature-sensitive: complete at 25 degrees, incomplete at 20 degrees. As with fem-1, severe mutations of fem-2 and fem-3 are wholly epistatic to masculinizing alleles of tra-2 and tra-3, and epistatic to tra-1 masculinizing alleles in the germline, but not in the soma. All three fem genes are essential for male development and appear to have a dual role in promoting spermatogenesis and repressing tra-1 activity. All three fem genes exhibit strong maternal effects; the maternal contribution of fem gene products may be inactivated in XX animals by a posttranscriptional mechanism. Maternal contributions of wild-type fem-3 product are necessary for normal XO male development and XX hermaphrodite (as opposed to female) development.
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
KIMBLE, J;EDGAR, L;HIRSH, D
通讯作者：
HIRSH, D
秀丽隐杆线虫中的第二个信息抑制因子 SUP-7 X。
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Waterston,RH
通讯作者：
Waterston,RH