Distinct soil microbial diversity under long-term organic and conventional farming.
Distinct soil microbial diversity under long-term organic and conventional farming.
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DOI：
10.1038/ismej.2014.210
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发表时间：
2015-05
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
低投入农业系统旨在减少合成肥料和农药的使用，以改善可持续生产和生态系统健康。尽管土壤微生物组在农业生产中发挥着不可或缺的作用，但我们对微生物多样性对有机农业和传统农业的复杂响应的了解仍然有限。在这里，我们使用细菌和真菌核糖体标记物的高通量焦磷酸测序方法，报告了土壤微生物组对二十多年不同农业管理的结构响应。与纯矿物施肥的常规土壤管理相比，有机耕作增加了土壤微生物群的丰富度，降低了均匀度，减少了分散，改变了结构。这种影响主要归因于有机肥的使用和质量，因为在综合施肥方案下检查常规管理的土壤时，差异变得较小。以适度和有针对性地施用农药为特征的植物保护制度的影响是次要的。不接受粪便的系统中有一个分散的、功能多样的群落，其特征可能是适应营养有限环境的低营养生物。接收有机肥的系统具有特定的微生物行会的特征，这些微生物行会参与复杂有机化合物（如粪肥和堆肥）的降解。测序方法的通量和分辨率允许在单个微生物分类群的水平上检测特定的结构变化，这些变化具有通过促进有益和抑制有害生物来管理土壤环境的新潜力。
Low-input agricultural systems aim at reducing the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides in order to improve sustainable production and ecosystem health. Despite the integral role of the soil microbiome in agricultural production, we still have a limited understanding of the complex response of microbial diversity to organic and conventional farming. Here we report on the structural response of the soil microbiome to more than two decades of different agricultural management in a long-term field experiment using a high-throughput pyrosequencing approach of bacterial and fungal ribosomal markers. Organic farming increased richness, decreased evenness, reduced dispersion and shifted the structure of the soil microbiota when compared with conventionally managed soils under exclusively mineral fertilization. This effect was largely attributed to the use and quality of organic fertilizers, as differences became smaller when conventionally managed soils under an integrated fertilization scheme were examined. The impact of the plant protection regime, characterized by moderate and targeted application of pesticides, was of subordinate importance. Systems not receiving manure harboured a dispersed and functionally versatile community characterized by presumably oligotrophic organisms adapted to nutrient-limited environments. Systems receiving organic fertilizer were characterized by specific microbial guilds known to be involved in degradation of complex organic compounds such as manure and compost. The throughput and resolution of the sequencing approach permitted to detect specific structural shifts at the level of individual microbial taxa that harbours a novel potential for managing the soil environment by means of promoting beneficial and suppressing detrimental organisms.
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影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Clark, JS
通讯作者：
Clark, JS
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Fierer, Noah;Bradford, Mark A.;Jackson, Robert B.
通讯作者：
Jackson, Robert B.
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Chaudhry, Vasvi;Rehman, Ateequr;Nautiyal, Chandra Shekhar
通讯作者：
Nautiyal, Chandra Shekhar
DOI：
10.1111/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x
发表时间：
1995-01-01
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
BENJAMINI, Y;HOCHBERG, Y
通讯作者：
HOCHBERG, Y
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Esperschuetz, Juergen;Gattinger, Andreas;Fliessbach, Andreas
通讯作者：
Fliessbach, Andreas