Proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in the developing wheat seed coat investigated by chemical and RNA-Seq analysis.
Proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in the developing wheat seed coat investigated by chemical and RNA-Seq analysis.
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通过对来自发育中谷物的PA低聚物的硫解分析了面包小麦种皮（种皮）中原花青素的组成，发现其由（+）-儿茶素单体和少量的（+）-没食子儿茶素组成。可溶性PA的平均链长在花后10 - 20天之间保持相对恒定，而不可提取的PA的平均链长在同一时期内增加，这表明链长的增加可能是成熟小麦籽粒中PA不溶性的原因。我们进行了RNA-Seq，然后对来自红粒和白色粒近等基因系的发育中谷粒的解剖组织进行了差异表达分析，所述红粒和白色粒近等基因系的差异在于存在编码参与PA生物合成控制的MYB转录因子的活性R基因。除了已经鉴定的编码查耳酮合酶、查耳酮异构酶、黄烷酮3-羟化酶和二羟基类黄酮4-还原酶的基因外，我们发现小麦编码苯丙氨酸解氨酶、类黄酮3′，5 ′-羟化酶、白花色素还原酶和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（玉米Bronze-2的直向同源物）的基因在红色近等基因中表达更高。我们还确定了小麦类黄酮生物合成的其他催化和调控成分的候选直向同源物。
The composition of proanthocyanidins in the testa (seed coat) of bread wheat was analyzed by thiolysis of PA oligomers from developing grain and found to consist of (+)‐catechin monomers, with a small amount of (+)‐gallocatechin. The average chain length of soluble PA stayed relatively constant between 10 and 20 days post‐anthesis, whereas that of unextractable PA increased over the same period, suggesting that increases in chain length might account for the insolubility of PAs from mature wheat grain. We carried out RNA‐Seq followed by differential expression analysis from dissected tissues of developing grain from red‐ and white‐grained near‐isogenic lines differing in the presence of an active R gene that encodes a MYB transcription factor involved in control of PA biosynthesis. In addition to genes already identified encoding chalcone synthase, chalcone isomerase, flavanone 3‐hydroxylase, and dihydroxyflavonoid 4‐reductase, we showed that wheat genes encoding phenylalanine ammonia lyase, flavonoid 3′,5′‐hydroxylase, leucoanthocyanidin reductase, and a glutathione S‐transferase (the orthologue of maize Bronze‐2) were more highly expressed in the red NIL. We also identified candidate orthologues of other catalytic and regulatory components of flavonoid biosynthesis in wheat.
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