The biological and clinical significance of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.
The biological and clinical significance of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41576-021-00408-x
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发表时间：
2021-12
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Shafer RW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tao K;Tzou PL;Nouhin J;Gupta RK;de Oliveira T;Kosakovsky Pond SL;Fera D;Shafer RW
在过去的几个月里，出现了具有新型刺突蛋白突变的SARS-CoV-2变体，这些变体正在影响COVID-19大流行的流行病学和临床方面。这些变异可增加病毒传播率和/或增加再感染风险，并降低中和单克隆抗体和疫苗接种提供的保护。因此，这些变异可以使SARS-CoV-2在面对不断上升的群体免疫力时继续传播，同时保持或增加其复制适应性。自2020年12月以来，确定了四个快速扩展的病毒谱系，即指定的关注变体，这标志着大流行进入了一个新阶段。值得关注的四种变体，即Alpha变体（最初在英国发现），Beta变体（最初在南非发现），Gamma变体（最初在巴西发现）和Delta变体（最初在印度发现），彼此之间以及与越来越多的其他最近发现的SARS-CoV-2变体共享几个突变。总的来说，这些SARS-CoV-2变异体使COVID-19研究议程复杂化，并需要额外的实验室、流行病学和临床研究途径。在这篇综述中，作者描述了我们对SARS-CoV-2遗传变异的出现和特性的最新理解，特别是那些被WHO（世界卫生组织）指定为“关注的变异”的变异。他们专注于这些变异对抗体介导的病毒中和的后果，对再感染风险和疫苗有效性具有重要意义。在过去几个月里，出现了四种令人担忧的SARS-CoV-2变异体（Alpha、Beta、Gamma和Delta），这些变异体与传播性增加、再感染风险增加和/或疫苗效力降低有关。许多其他SARS-CoV-2变异体与这些变异体共享突变和生物学特征，也越来越多地被鉴定出来。越来越多的SARS-CoV-2变异体共享一系列突变，使病毒能够在保持或增加其复制适应性的同时传播，尽管人群免疫力不断提高。尽管大多数新出现的突变降低了感染和疫苗接种产生的中和抗体的保护作用，但最近发现的几种突变似乎拮抗了对初始感染的先天免疫反应。SARS-CoV-2变异体的出现需要扩大研究议程，以提高我们对新出现的SARS-CoV-2突变的理解，以及对这些突变的变异体的保护性免疫的相关性。
The past several months have witnessed the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants with novel spike protein mutations that are influencing the epidemiological and clinical aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic. These variants can increase rates of virus transmission and/or increase the risk of reinfection and reduce the protection afforded by neutralizing monoclonal antibodies and vaccination. These variants can therefore enable SARS-CoV-2 to continue its spread in the face of rising population immunity while maintaining or increasing its replication fitness. The identification of four rapidly expanding virus lineages since December 2020, designated variants of concern, has ushered in a new stage of the pandemic. The four variants of concern, the Alpha variant (originally identified in the UK), the Beta variant (originally identified in South Africa), the Gamma variant (originally identified in Brazil) and the Delta variant (originally identified in India), share several mutations with one another as well as with an increasing number of other recently identified SARS-CoV-2 variants. Collectively, these SARS-CoV-2 variants complicate the COVID-19 research agenda and necessitate additional avenues of laboratory, epidemiological and clinical research. In this Review, the authors describe our latest understanding of the emergence and properties of SARS-CoV-2 genetic variants, particularly those designated as WHO (World Health Organization) ‘variants of concern’. They focus on the consequences of these variants for antibody-mediated virus neutralization, with important implications for reinfection risk and for vaccine effectiveness. The past several months have witnessed the emergence of four SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta) associated with increased transmissibility, increased risk of reinfection and/or reduced vaccine efficacy. Many additional SARS-CoV-2 variants sharing mutations and biological features with these variants are also increasingly being identified. The increasing number of SARS-CoV-2 variants share a repertoire of mutations that is enabling the virus to spread despite rising population immunity while maintaining or increasing its replication fitness. Whereas most emerging mutations reduce the protective effects of neutralizing antibodies generated by infection and vaccination, several recently identified mutations appear to antagonize the innate immune response to initial infection. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants requires an expanded research agenda to improve our understanding of emerging SARS-CoV-2 mutations and the correlates of protective immunity against variants with these mutations.
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离散的 SARS-CoV-2 抗体滴度与功能性体液稳定性保持一致。
影响因子：
16.6
作者：
Bartsch YC;Fischinger S;Siddiqui SM;Chen Z;Yu J;Gebre M;Atyeo C;Gorman MJ;Zhu AL;Kang J;Burke JS;Slein M;Gluck MJ;Beger S;Hu Y;Rhee J;Petersen E;Mormann B;Aubin MS;Hasdianda MA;Jambaulikar G;Boyer EW;Sabeti PC;Barouch DH;Julg BD;Musk ER;Menon AS;Lauffenburger DA;Nilles EJ;Alter G
通讯作者：
Alter G
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Barnes CO;Jette CA;Abernathy ME;Dam KA;Esswein SR;Gristick HB;Malyutin AG;Sharaf NG;Huey-Tubman KE;Lee YE;Robbiani DF;Nussenzweig MC;West AP Jr;Bjorkman PJ
通讯作者：
Bjorkman PJ
DOI：
10.1038/s41577-021-00522-1
发表时间：
2021-04
期刊：
Nature reviews. Immunology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Carvalho T;Krammer F;Iwasaki A
通讯作者：
Iwasaki A
DOI：
10.1056/nejmoa2035389
发表时间：
2021-02-04
期刊：
The New England journal of medicine
影响因子：
--
作者：
Baden LR;El Sahly HM;Essink B;Kotloff K;Frey S;Novak R;Diemert D;Spector SA;Rouphael N;Creech CB;McGettigan J;Khetan S;Segall N;Solis J;Brosz A;Fierro C;Schwartz H;Neuzil K;Corey L;Gilbert P;Janes H;Follmann D;Marovich M;Mascola J;Polakowski L;Ledgerwood J;Graham BS;Bennett H;Pajon R;Knightly C;Leav B;Deng W;Zhou H;Han S;Ivarsson M;Miller J;Zaks T;COVE Study Group
通讯作者：
COVE Study Group
影响因子：
11.8
作者：
Betton, Maureen;Livrozet, Marine;Hulot, Jean-Sebastien
通讯作者：
Hulot, Jean-Sebastien