Modeling the neuroimmune system in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.
Modeling the neuroimmune system in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.
复制标题
阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病的神经免疫系统建模。
DOI：
10.1186/s12974-024-03024-8
复制
发表时间：
2024-01-23
影响因子：
9.3
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
帕金森病（PD）和阿尔茨海默病（AD）是由遗传、环境和家族因素相互作用引起的神经退行性疾病。这些疾病有不同的病理和症状，与大脑中特定的细胞群有关。值得注意的是，免疫系统与这两种疾病都有关系，特别关注小胶质细胞（大脑的常驻免疫细胞）的功能障碍，导致神经元丢失和症状加剧。研究人员使用神经免疫系统模型来更深入地了解这些神经退行性疾病的生理和生物学方面及其进展。已经使用了几种体外和体内模型，包括2D培养和动物模型。最近，在优化这些现有模型和开发3D模型和器官芯片系统方面取得了进展，在准确模拟复杂的细胞内环境方面有着巨大的希望。因此，这些模型代表了当前PD和AD治疗方法转变的关键突破，为治疗测试提供了长期基于疾病的建模的潜力，减少了对动物模型的依赖，并且与传统的2D模型相比显著提高了细胞活力。3D和器官芯片模型在神经退行性疾病研究中的应用标志着向前迈出了繁荣的一步，为神经免疫系统内复杂的相互作用提供了更真实的表现。最终，这些完善的神经免疫系统模型旨在帮助寻求对抗和减轻衰弱性神经免疫疾病对患者及其家属的影响。
Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are neurodegenerative disorders caused by the interaction of genetic, environmental, and familial factors. These diseases have distinct pathologies and symptoms that are linked to specific cell populations in the brain. Notably, the immune system has been implicated in both diseases, with a particular focus on the dysfunction of microglia, the brain’s resident immune cells, contributing to neuronal loss and exacerbating symptoms. Researchers use models of the neuroimmune system to gain a deeper understanding of the physiological and biological aspects of these neurodegenerative diseases and how they progress. Several in vitro and in vivo models, including 2D cultures and animal models, have been utilized. Recently, advancements have been made in optimizing these existing models and developing 3D models and organ-on-a-chip systems, holding tremendous promise in accurately mimicking the intricate intracellular environment. As a result, these models represent a crucial breakthrough in the transformation of current treatments for PD and AD by offering potential for conducting long-term disease-based modeling for therapeutic testing, reducing reliance on animal models, and significantly improving cell viability compared to conventional 2D models. The application of 3D and organ-on-a-chip models in neurodegenerative disease research marks a prosperous step forward, providing a more realistic representation of the complex interactions within the neuroimmune system. Ultimately, these refined models of the neuroimmune system aim to aid in the quest to combat and mitigate the impact of debilitating neuroimmune diseases on patients and their families.
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