Control of Phagocytosis by Microbial Pathogens.
Control of Phagocytosis by Microbial Pathogens.
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DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2017.01368
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Rosales C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Uribe-Querol E;Rosales C
吞噬作用是细胞捕获和摄取外来颗粒的基本过程。小型单细胞生物，如自由生活的变形虫，利用这一过程来获取食物。在多细胞生物中，吞噬是一种普遍现象，所有细胞都能进行吞噬（包括上皮细胞、内皮细胞、成纤维细胞等），但一些特化细胞（如中性粒细胞和巨噬细胞）能非常有效地进行吞噬，因此被Rabinovitch命名为专业吞噬细胞。细胞利用吞噬作用捕获和清除所有大于0.5µm的颗粒，包括病原微生物和细胞碎片。吞噬过程包括一系列步骤，从识别目标颗粒，吞噬小体（吞噬液泡）将其摄入，吞噬小体成熟为吞噬溶酶体，到最终在吞噬溶酶体的强大抗菌环境中破坏被摄入的颗粒。在大多数情况下，吞噬作用是一种有效的过程，可以消除入侵的病原体并帮助维持体内平衡。然而，一些病原体也进化出不同的策略来阻止正常的吞噬过程。这些病原体在使感染永久化和继续复制方面具有明显的优势。在这里，我们提出的吞噬过程的概述，重点是抗菌元素的专业吞噬细胞的使用。我们还总结了目前关于不同病原体在摄入、吞噬体形成、成熟甚至完全逃离吞噬体水平上用来阻止吞噬的微生物策略的知识。
Phagocytosis is a fundamental process of cells to capture and ingest foreign particles. Small unicellular organisms such as free-living amoeba use this process to acquire food. In pluricellular organisms, phagocytosis is a universal phenomenon that all cells are able to perform (including epithelial, endothelial, fibroblasts, etc.), but some specialized cells (such as neutrophils and macrophages) perform this very efficiently and were therefore named professional phagocytes by Rabinovitch. Cells use phagocytosis to capture and clear all particles larger than 0.5 µm, including pathogenic microorganisms and cellular debris. Phagocytosis involves a series of steps from recognition of the target particle, ingestion of it in a phagosome (phagocytic vacuole), maturation of this phagosome into a phagolysosome, to the final destruction of the ingested particle in the robust antimicrobial environment of the phagolysosome. For the most part, phagocytosis is an efficient process that eliminates invading pathogens and helps maintaining homeostasis. However, several pathogens have also evolved different strategies to prevent phagocytosis from proceeding in a normal way. These pathogens have a clear advantage to perpetuate the infection and continue their replication. Here, we present an overview of the phagocytic process with emphasis on the antimicrobial elements professional phagocytes use. We also summarize the current knowledge on the microbial strategies different pathogens use to prevent phagocytosis either at the level of ingestion, phagosome formation, and maturation, and even complete escape from phagosomes.
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影响因子：
9.2
作者：
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