Acoustic cues for sound source distance and azimuth in rabbits, a racquetball and a rigid spherical model.
Acoustic cues for sound source distance and azimuth in rabbits, a racquetball and a rigid spherical model.
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DOI：
10.1007/s10162-010-0221-8
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发表时间：
2010-12
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Kuwada, Shigeyuki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kim, Duck O.;Bishop, Brian;Kuwada, Shigeyuki
关键词：
有许多研究测量表示源和每个耳道之间的信号变换的传递函数，即，头相关的传递函数（HRTF），为各种物种。然而，其中只有少数解决了声源距离对HRTF的影响。这是第一次在兔子的HRTF研究，重点是声源距离和方位角对HRTF的影响。将兔子置于消声室中，我们使用微型麦克风进行声学测量，微型麦克风放置在每个耳道深处，在不同位置（10-160 cm距离，±150°方位角）与声源接触。那声音是一种电磁波扫过的宽带啁啾声。为了比较，我们还获得了一个壁球和刚性球的计算模型的HRTF。结果表明：（1）各耳HRTF的频谱形状随声源位置的变化而变化;（2）耳间声级差（ILD）随距离的减小和频率的增加而增大。此外，当距离接近时，即使在低频率下，ILD也可以是相当大的;以及（3）耳间时间差（ITD）随着距离的减小而减小，并且通常随着频率的减小而增大。在兔子身上的观察结果，一般来说，在壁球上的观察结果，虽然在兔子身上的幅度更大。在球体模型中，结果与壁球和兔子的结果部分相似，部分不同。这些发现驳斥了ILD在低频下可以忽略不计以及ITD在整个频率范围内恒定的常见观念。这些误解变得明显时，距离依赖的变化进行了检查。
There are numerous studies measuring the transfer functions representing signal transformation between a source and each ear canal, i.e., the head-related transfer functions (HRTFs), for various species. However, only a handful of these address the effects of sound source distance on HRTFs. This is the first study of HRTFs in the rabbit where the emphasis is on the effects of sound source distance and azimuth on HRTFs. With the rabbit placed in an anechoic chamber, we made acoustic measurements with miniature microphones placed deep in each ear canal to a sound source at different positions (10–160 cm distance, ±150° azimuth). The sound was a logarithmically swept broadband chirp. For comparisons, we also obtained the HRTFs from a racquetball and a computational model for a rigid sphere. We found that (1) the spectral shape of the HRTF in each ear changed with sound source location; (2) interaural level difference (ILD) increased with decreasing distance and with increasing frequency. Furthermore, ILDs can be substantial even at low frequencies when distance is close; and (3) interaural time difference (ITD) decreased with decreasing distance and generally increased with decreasing frequency. The observations in the rabbit were reproduced, in general, by those in the racquetball, albeit greater in magnitude in the rabbit. In the sphere model, the results were partly similar and partly different than those in the racquetball and the rabbit. These findings refute the common notions that ILD is negligible at low frequencies and that ITD is constant across frequency. These misconceptions became evident when distance-dependent changes were examined.
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影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Brungart, DS;Rabinowitz, WM
通讯作者：
Rabinowitz, WM
DOI：
10.1007/s10162-009-0177-8
发表时间：
2009-12-01
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Fitzpatrick, Douglas C.;Roberts, Jason M.;Filipovic, Blagoje
通讯作者：
Filipovic, Blagoje
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Jin, C;Corderoy, A;van Schaik, A
通讯作者：
van Schaik, A
影响因子：
1.4
作者：
Kim, Duck O.;Moiseff, Andrew;Gull, Justin
通讯作者：
Gull, Justin
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Kulkarni, A;Colburn, HS
通讯作者：
Colburn, HS