Sex and rearing condition modify the effects of perinatal lead exposure on learning and memory.
Sex and rearing condition modify the effects of perinatal lead exposure on learning and memory.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuro.2012.04.016
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发表时间：
2012-10
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Schneider JS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Anderson DW;Pothakos K;Schneider JS
发育期铅（Pb）暴露与人类和啮齿动物的认知障碍有关。特别是，受损的空间学习和记忆，如使用莫里斯水迷宫（MWM）评估，已注意到在发育铅暴露大鼠。虽然性别和饲养环境可以影响正常动物的MWM性能，性别和饲养环境的相互作用对发育铅暴露的影响，依赖于代谢的过程还没有得到很好的表征。本研究检查了围产期暴露的影响（即，在非富集环境（标准笼子，3只动物，没有玩具）或富集环境（大笼子，包含各种玩具，每周更换两次）中饲养的雄性和雌性动物中，将不同水平的铅（食物中250、750和1，500 ppm醋酸铅）与妊娠至断奶期间的铅接触。在出生后第55天开始在MWM中进行检测。行为结果受性别和养育环境的影响，与铅暴露的复杂的相互作用。在非铅暴露的对照动物中，在雄性和雌性动物中观察到环境富集对空间学习和记忆的有益影响，其中雌性动物的影响更大。铅暴露在女性减轻至少有一些好处，丰富的学习，特别是在最低和最高的曝光水平。在男性，丰富赋予适度的学习优势，在大多数情况下，铅暴露并没有影响这一点。然而，在铅暴露量最高的男性中，富集确实有助于克服铅对学习的不利影响。在女性中，任何潜在的好处，参考记忆丰富的贡献是静音铅暴露，在大多数情况下，这是没有重现在男性。因此，性别、环境和铅暴露对空间学习记忆的影响存在复杂的交互作用。环境操纵是发育期铅暴露的潜在风险调节因素，并与性别和铅暴露量等其他因素相互作用，影响铅对大脑的功能影响。
Developmental lead (Pb) exposure is associated with cognitive impairments in humans and rodents alike. In particular, impaired spatial learning and memory, as assessed using the Morris water maze (MWM), has been noted in developmentally Pb –exposed rats. Although sex and rearing environment can influence MWM performance in normal animals, the interactions of sex and rearing environment on the impact of developmental Pb exposure on hippocampal-dependent processes has not been well characterized. The present study examined the effects of perinatal exposure (i.e., gestation through weaning) to different levels of Pb (250, 750 and 1,500 ppm Pb acetate in food) in males and females raised in a non-enriched environment (standard cage with 3 animals and no toys) or an enriched environment (large cage containing a variety of toys that were changed twice weekly). Testing in the MWM began at postnatal day 55. Behavioral outcomes were influenced by sex and rearing environment, with complex interactions with Pb exposure. In non-Pb exposed control animals, beneficial effects of environmental enrichment on spatial learning and memory were observed in males and females, with greater effects in females. Pb exposure in females mitigated at least some of the benefits of enrichment on learning, particularly at the lowest and highest exposure levels. In males, enrichment conferred a modest learning advantage and for the most part, Pb exposure did not affect this. However, in males with the highest Pb exposure, enrichment did help to overcome detrimental effects of Pb on learning. In females, any potential benefit to reference memory contributed by enrichment was muted by exposure to Pb and for the most part, this was not reproduced in males. Thus, there are complex interactions between sex, environment, and Pb exposure on spatial learning and memory. Environmental manipulation is a potential risk modifier of developmental Pb exposure and interacts with other factors including sex and amount of Pb exposure to affect the functional influences of Pb on the brain.
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